scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Cystic Hydatidosis in Slaughtered Cattle of Western Province in Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Banda ◽  
King Shimumbo Nalubamba ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Cystic Hydatidosis ◽  
Female Cattle

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2007 to November 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in Mongu, Western Province, Zambia, using prospective and retrospective data. Out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection, 84 (2.1%) were positive for hydatidosis. No cases were detected from Kaoma and Shangombo districts; however, prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 2.5% in districts where it was present. Sex was found to be positively associated with hydatidosis (P=0.035) with female cattle being more likely to have hydatidosis (OR=1.62). In the retrospective study (1994 to 2007), annual prevalence of hydatidosis ranged from 1.56% (n = 12,641) in 2006 to 4.7% (n=2633) in 2001 with an overall prevalence of 3% (4689/158,456). This value is comparable to that observed in cattle slaughtered between October 2007 and November 2008 (2.1%). Hydatidosis was observed in the lungs (51.2%), liver (47.6%), and kidneys (1.2%). The percentage of viable cysts was 43.7%. This study confirms the presence of hydatidosis in cattle in Western Province of Zambia and estimates economic losses due to organ condemnations. Data presented herein provides a useful baseline for developing policy and intervention measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria cases in North-Western Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen N. Chipoya ◽  
Nzooma M. Shimaponda-Mataa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
North Western

Abstract Background Imported malaria is a major challenge for countries that are in malaria elimination stage such as Zambia. Legitimate cross-border activities add to the risk of transmission, necessitating determination of prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 consented child and adult patients with clinical malaria symptoms, from selected health facilities in north-western Zambia. Patient demographic data and blood samples for malaria microscopy and full blood count were obtained. Chi-square and penalized logistic regression were performed to describe the characteristics and assess the risk factors of imported and local malaria in North-Western Province. Results Overall, malaria prevalence was 78.6% with 93.8% Plasmodium falciparum and 6.2% other species. The local cases were 72 (88.9%) while the imported were 9 (11.1%) out of the 81 positive participants. About 98.6% of the local cases were P. falciparum compared to 55.6% (χ2 = 52.4; p < 0.01) P. falciparum among the imported cases. Among the imported cases, 44% were species other than P. falciparum (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01) while among the local cases only 1.4% were. Gametocytes were present in 44% of the imported malaria cases and only in 2.8% of the local cases (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01). About 48.6% of local participants had severe anaemia compared to 33.3% of participants from the two neighbouring countries who had (χ2 = 4.9; p = 0.03). In the final model, only country of residence related positively to presence of species other than P. falciparum (OR = 39.0, CI [5.9, 445.9]; p < 0.01) and presence of gametocytes (OR = 23.1, CI [4.2, 161.6]; p < 0.01). Conclusion Malaria prevalence in North-Western Province is high, with P. falciparum as the predominant species although importation of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is happening as well. Country of residence of patients is a major risk factor for malaria species and gametocyte presence. The need for enhanced malaria control with specific focus on border controls to detect and treat, for specific diagnosis and treatment according to species obtaining, for further research in the role of species and gametocytaemia in imported malaria, cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and response to dog bite among the urban and rural population of Hubballi taluk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Maneesha Godbole ◽  
Anjana Ramachandra Joshi ◽  
Dattatraya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of the central nervous system, most commonly caused by the bite of rabid dogs. Globally canine rabies causes 59,000 human deaths, over 3.7 million DALYs and 8.6 billion USD economic losses annually. These losses are due to a lack of knowledge about wound management and post-exposure prophylaxis. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices following dog bite and its management among the urban and rural population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of KIMS, Hubli. 120 households of the urban and rural locality were interviewed with a semi-structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Overall 89.16% of the study population was aware that the disease can be prevented by vaccination. 35% of the rural and 28% of the urban population believed that the disease can spread from person to person. The knowledge about the site and the number of doses of vaccine was poor among both the population. The harmful practices for treatment of bite were still prevalent among both rural (25%) and urban (8.3%) population.Conclusions: The knowledge about the dog bite management and Rabies prevention is insufficient among both populations. There are myths and misconceptions about the disease and wound management. Practices like application of harmful substances like lime, turmeric, mud are the problems hindering rabies prevention and control. Proper steps need to be taken up to control the canine rabies.

scholarly journals Association between H-type hypertension and Cognitive impairment in Kailuan community of China: A cross-sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyu Chen ◽  
Hui Xi ◽  
Long Ji ◽  
Weijia Xing ◽  
Haifeng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Practice Management ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Over 40 Years

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have been reported to be independent predictors of cognitive impairment. However, the conclusions were inconsistent and few studies had reported the combination prediction of HTN and HHcy for cognitive impairment. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between H-type HTN, HTN and HHcy and the risk of cognitive impairment.Methods We used a cross-sectional study- participants aged over 40 years, which were selected from Kailuan communities in China. Cognitive impairment was determined by MMSE scale (MMSE<24). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of H-type HTN and cognitive impairment, and we also made stratification analysis by age of participants.Results A total of 3454 participants were included in our study, and ≥65 years old was 16.79%; the gender of male was 56.77%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the H-type HTN (HTN+/HHcy+) group (10.74%) was significantly higher than other three groups (2.92%, 6.42%, 5.86%, respectively). The logistic regression results showed that participants with H-type HTN was positively associated with cognitive impairment risk (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.38-4.80). Similar results were observed in participants stratified by age (65 years) (<65 years old: OR =2.01, 95% CI: 0.87- 4.67 ; ≥65 years old: OR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.32-10.01).Conclusion Our finding indicated that H-type HTN was positively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment, especially in ≥ 65 years old. H-type HTN could be the major intervention measures to decrease the incidence of cognitive impairment as well as the stroke in Health Practice Management.

scholarly journals Symptoms of dengue at the acute and post-infection stage in the Western Province, Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Chrishantha Abeysena ◽  
Sharika Peiris ◽  
Indrakantha Welgama ◽  
Upul Gunasekara ◽  
Kolitha Wickramage
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Infection Stage

scholarly journals Hypertension prevalence and risk factors in rural and urban Zambian adults in western province: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Lynn Rush ◽  
Fastone Matthew Goma ◽  
Jessica Amelia Barker ◽  
Rachel Ann Ollivier ◽  
Matthew Scott Ferrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Brucellosis amongst Migratory Animal Handlers: A Cross-sectional Study in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SatishL Ghugey ◽  
Maninder Singh Setia ◽  
Jyotsna S Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Animal Handlers

Introduction: Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonosis affecting humans and animals. It is a multi-burden disease leading to severe economic losses due to disability in humans, and it also causes abortion, infertility, and reduced milk production in animals. An essential element for effective prevention and control of brucellosis is to improve Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of the community. Aim: To evaluate KAP for human brucellosis to determine the risk factors among Migratory Animal Handlers (MAH) in Nagpur and Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 subjects chosen randomly from Nagpur and Chandrapur districts, Maharashtra. A structured and validated questionnaire was used for demographic characteristics and KAP. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by SPSS. Descriptive statistics accustomed to demographic feature and KAP. Results: All 143 respondents (87 from Nagpur and 56 from Chandrapur) were males. Age ranged from 20 to 50 years. The majority of 139 (97%) respondents were married. Of 143 respondents, none had heard of brucellosis, 125 (87%) consumed unpasteurised milk, 37 (26%) assisted during calving, and 34 (24%) milking the animal. None of the respondents used protective clothing while assisting in animal delivery or handling birth products. One hundred and thirty six (95%) respondents informed that they treated the animal without consulting a veterinarian. Conclusion: This study showed poor knowledge and high-risk behaviours and self-reported practices for brucellosis among MAH. Public health education for MAH should be enhanced with full capacity as an integral part of the National Control Program on Brucellosis in India.

scholarly journals Prevalence of breast cancer in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Ruffo Freitas-Junior ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas ◽  
Carleane Maciel Bandeira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
The City

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown increased prevalence rates for breast cancer, relating to higher incidence, longer survival and breast cancer prevention programs among populations. The aim here was to analyze the annual prevalence of breast cancer in Goiânia over a 15-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study on women with breast cancer diagnosed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1988 to 2002. METHODS: The breast cancer cases were identified in the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia. The 15-year period was stratified into three five-year periods. The cases were followed up for five years, and the mortality database was used to exclude deaths. The population of the official census was used as the denominator for rate calculations. RESULTS: The coefficient of breast cancer prevalence in Goiania was 22.87/100,000 in 1988 and 220.22/100,000 women in 2002. The analyses for periods showed that in the first period, the rate was 19.39/100,000 and that it was 44.79/100,000 in the last period. For the fifteen years analyzed, the prevalence rate for breast cancer was 127.24/100,000 women. The annual percentage change was 27.07 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, CI: 20.79-33.67) from 1988 to 1992 and 9.39 (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 8.52-10.25) from 1992 to 2002. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the breast cancer prevalence rate in the city of Goiânia between 1988 and 2002, possibly relating to the improvement in the screening and treatment of breast cancer

scholarly journals Initial Psychological Response of Various Population Groups to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Shahzaib Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Response ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The corona virus pandemic has brought with it psychological problems like anxiety, stress, and depression. Research studies are urgently required to generate data that would help formulate strategies to manage the ensuing psychiatric and psychological maladies at societal level. Aims & Objectives: The aim of our study is to better comprehend the initial psychological response of society to COVID-19 outbreak though a survey. Place and duration of study: This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Edward Medical University, Lahore from April 2020 to October 2020. Material & Methods: An online questionnaire comprising of 20 items including the Zung self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was disseminated to three fifty (350) participants. Two hundred and seventy-one (n=271) responses were received. Collected data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Relationships between categorical variables were tested by Chi square test. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of various variables on total stress score. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was revealed that 85.2% of the respondents reported minimal psychological impact, 14.8% had mild to moderate anxiety levels and 0.4% reported marked to severe anxiety. The impact was 2.5 times greater in subjects belonging to lower socioeconomic status (p=0.02). Conclusion: Population belonging to lower socioeconomic class is more vulnerable to be impacted by psychological disturbances due to the pandemic owing to economic losses that are magnified in the population with fragile earning sources.

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