scholarly journals Exposure Assessment in Nail Salons: An Indoor Air Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Roelofs ◽  
Tuan Do
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adequate Ventilation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Nail Salons

Due to the complexity of the nail salon work environment, traditional approaches to exposure assessment in this context tend to mischaracterize potential hazards as nuisances. For this investigation, a workable “indoor air” approach was devised to characterize potential hazards and ventilation in Boston, Massachusetts area nail salons which are primarily owned and staffed by Vietnamese immigrants. A community-university partnership project recruited salons to participate in a short audit which included carbon dioxide measurements and evaluation of other air quality metrics. Twenty-two salons participated. Seventy-three percent of the salons had spot carbon dioxide measurements in excess of 700 ppm, the level corresponding to a ventilation rate recommended for beauty salons. Fourteen salons (64%) did not have a mechanical ventilation system to provide fresh air and/or exhaust contaminated air. The lack of adequate ventilation is of significant concern because of the presence of potentially hazardous chemicals in salon products and the common self-report of symptoms among nail technicians. Community and worker health may be improved through adoption of recommended ventilation guidelines and reduction in the hazard potential of nail products.

scholarly journals Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knížatová ◽  
Š. Mihina ◽  
J. Brouček ◽  
I. Karandušovská ◽  
G.J. Sauter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Chicken House ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fattening Period

The quantification of emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities is of prime importance for determining the importance of their effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that the interior concentration and emission of carbon dioxide in chicken housing is impacted by the age of animals and season of fattening period. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations and emissions were assessed over six fattening periods in total. The major part of CO<sub>2</sub> seemed to have its origin in bird respiration with assumed production of approx. 147 kg of CO2/h. CO<sub>2</sub> emission was most affected by chickens towards the end of the grow-out period (P &lt; 0.001) taking dominance over the process of natural gas burning by heaters. The mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the chicken house ranged between 120 and 247 kg/h in the first quarter of periods and between 325 and 459 kg/h in the last ones. The heaters could be theoretically a possible source of approx. 39 kg each hour if they worked continuously. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were considerably more affected by ventilation rate (P &lt; 0.001) than by CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the indoor air.

scholarly journals Indoor air quality modelling and measurements of a studio apartment with a mechanical exhaust system

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Szczepanik-Ścisło ◽  
Agnieszka Flaga-Maryańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Air Quality Modelling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Operation Duration

The aim of the research were measurements and an attempt to model the indoor air quality (IAQ) within a studio apartment with a mechanical exhaust system, manually controlled by the occupants. The authors based the modelling on the occupancy schedule of the family members and the recorded operation duration of the ventilation system. The purpose of the performed analysis was to answer the question if it is possible and to what extent to reflect numerically the conditions within the tested object. The authors studied also the carbon dioxide level in the context of controlling the system by the residents. The simulations were carried out using the CONTAM software, developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

scholarly journals Correlation amongst Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Carbon Dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Sireesha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Sick Building Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Indoor Contaminants ◽  
Sick Building ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The calculation of carbon dioxide (CO2)  intensities can be employed to see the quality of indoor air and ventilation. The studies undertaken till date have been distorted. The current study summaries the association amongst carbon dioxide and building air quality and ventilation, with carbon dioxide being the marker to evaluate air quality and ventilation performance. High carbon dioxide intensities may show insufficient ventilation per occupant and high indoor contaminants intensities, resulting in the Sick Building Syndrome (SBI) Symptoms. The researcher assessed the literature related to indoor air quality (IAQ), ventilation, and building-linked health issues in schools linked to CO2 discharges and recognised general indicated building-linked well-being signs found in schools. A high rise in the ventilation rate or enhancement in ventilation efficacy and/or indoor contaminant source regulation would be anticipated to reduce the occurrence of chosen signs to its optimum.

Research on Demand Controlled Ventilation Strategy for Laboratory Ventilation System

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1558-1561
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Bao
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Rate Requirement

Reducing the amount of outdoor air entering a space has distinct advantages for ventilation system. However, it often brings the consequence of depressing indoor air quality (IAQ). For laboratories, on average, the laboratory IAQ conditions of low TVOCs and low particulates permitted the substantial reduction of minimum air change rates. With many modern laboratories operating with fewer fume hoods and more energy-efficient equipment and lighting, the labs minimum air exchange rate requirement is often the dominant energy use driver. Current codes or specifications for laboratories ventilation system are the most straight forward approaches. They do not optimize a laboratory's ventilation rate, or verify whether the intended levels of safety and comfort have been achieved by the labs design. Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) can also avoid over-ventilation by providing outdoor air rates based on actual occupancy rather than on design occupancy or full occupancy.

scholarly journals Development of a Ventilation System Using Window Cavity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8391
Author(s):  
Jinuk Lee ◽  
Sanghoon Park ◽  
Taeyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A household unit of an existing apartment in which residents lived was selected, and the indoor air quality in each space of the unit was measured for analysis. Analysis of the measurement data indicated that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) constantly increased beyond 1000 ppm when a resident stayed indoors for an hour or more. Specifically, the concentration of CO2 increased when the resident was asleep to a level wherein negative impacts on health were observed. Moreover, the inflow of particulate matter (PM) was mainly caused by natural ventilation from the outside rather than the behavior of indoor residents, which generated an insignificant amount of PM. This study proposes a new ventilation system for solving the above-described problems. According to the system, when a window is closed, the window cavity created between a new frame and the existing frame is utilized as an air path for ventilation. The application of this system ensures a stable amount of ventilation through forced ventilation and prevents the inflow of external PM. Moreover, this system was designed to recover indoor heat through the window cavity and facilitate the pre-heating of outdoor air through heat collection based on solar radiation during the day.

scholarly journals Investigation of ventilation conditions associated with CO2 concentration changes in ultrasonographic exam room from the perspective of COVID-19 infection control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roka N Matsubayashi ◽  
Shino Harada ◽  
Mitsuhiro Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Adequate Ventilation ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Exam Room ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Almost All

AbstractObjectivesVentilation is an important factor in preventing COVID-19 infection. To clarify the state of ventilation in ultrasonic exam rooms, as an index of ventilation rate, the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in our exam rooms was measured.MethodsWe measured the CO2 concentration in each exam room before the examination and 0–15 minutes after end of the exam.The subjects were 70 cases (abdomen: 24, breast: 16, neck: 16, and musculoskeletal: 14). In infant cases, one parent accompanied the patient during the examination.ResultsThe highest CO2 concentration was 2261 ppm, observed after the breast examination. In all cases, the CO2 concentration in the exam room was highest immediately after the examination or two minutes after. Almost all cases had recovered to within 120% of the pre-examination CO2 concentrations within 15 minutes after the examination. The average CO2 concentration after ultrasonography was significantly higher for breast examinations than others.ConclusionsEven in a hospital with modern ventilation equipment, the CO2 concentration in the ultrasound room was high after the exam and it takes 15 minutes to recover to the pre-exam state. Care must be taken to ensure adequate ventilation in ultrasonographic facilities.

Experimental investigation of carbon dioxide cross-contamination in sorption energy recovery wheel in ventilation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklos Kassai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The aim of this research was to investigate the scale of carbon dioxide recirculation in rotary energy wheel operated in air handling units. To achieve this objective, a test facility was installed into the indoor air quality and thermal comfort laboratory of BUTE University. A newly developed molecular 3 Å sieve sorption wheel with high humidity transfer efficiencies is integrated into the experimental setup. In this research study, carbon dioxide cross-contamination rate from the exhaust side into the supply side in sorption regenerative air-to-air rotary energy exchanger was conducted by experimental tests. During the study, the correlation between the carbon dioxide cross-contamination, different rotational speeds of the wheel and different volume flow rates of supply air were also investigated in detail. Based on the results, a rotation speed diagram – carbon dioxide cross-contamination diagram – is plotted which can be very useful for researchers, developers and building service engineers in practice. Practical application: The most perfect energy exchanger can transfer both heat and moisture, thus providing a pleasant indoor air quality in the conditioned space. It is beneficial if the exchanger can transfer heat and moisture between the supply and exhaust airstreams, thereby minimizing the capacity and energy consumption of the required auxiliary heater and humidifier. The auxiliary energy reduction can be especially high if the sorption material of the energy wheel is of type 3 Å molecular sieve that has an extremely high humidity transfer capacity. The disadvantage of the rotary energy recovery is the cross-contamination from the exhaust air to the supply air. This is very important because in places such as offices, schools, public institutions, carbon dioxide cross-contamination can cause degradation of indoor air quality.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Exhaust Air Recirculation of the Ventilation System in Multi-Story Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4441
Author(s):  
Seonghyun Park ◽  
Hyungyu Park ◽  
Janghoo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Recirculation Rate ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Story Building

In South Korea, the installation of a mechanical ventilation system is mandatory for the management of indoor air quality, and various studies concerning the ventilation rate and performance of the ventilation system have been conducted. However, only a few studies have been conducted regarding the recirculation rate of the ventilation system. If the appropriate arrangement of intake and exhaust vents in the ventilation system is not considered, the pollutants emitted from the circulation movement may be recirculated into the indoor environment and cause the degradation of the performance of the ventilation system. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively analyze the recirculation rate of pollutants emitted from a kindergarten building with an installed mechanical ventilation system in Seoul, South Korea, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, and analyze the effectiveness of the guide panel installed for the prevention of the pollutants’ recirculation. The number of cases for the CFD analysis was set to a total of ten based on the ventilation rate in a mechanical ventilation system, external wind direction, and the existence of the guide panel for preventing the recirculation of exhaust air. The maximum recirculation rate of exhaust air without the installation of a guide panel was shown to be 20.0%. The maximum recirculation rate in the case where the external wind speed, direction of wind, and the ventilation rate were assumed to be identical to the other case but the guide panel for preventing the recirculation of exhaust air was assumed to be installed was 7.7%, 12.3% lower compared with the case with maximum recirculation rate.

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