scholarly journals Multiple Orientation Circuits Converging on the Pd7 Cells in Tritonia diomedea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
L. G. Abraçado
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Food Odor ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Tritonia Diomedea ◽  
Orientation Mechanism ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetoreception is a sophisticated orientation mechanism, involving a magnetoreceptor connected to the nervous system with signal amplification. The mollusk Tritonia diomedea is a good model to investigate the behavioral and neural responses to the magnetic field. The mollusk inhibits all unnecessary activities and focuses on an available cue during orientation. Although Pd7 cells are inhibited by magnetic pathway, it was excited by another stimulus, water streams plus food odor. Two sensory pathways connected to Pd7 through the same or different circuits were tested. The action potential activity through Pd7 was compared in these different stimulations. The changes in Pd7 activity indicate a response of enhanced electrical activity to water streams plus food odor stimulus, and Pd7 activity can be excited by at least one of these stimuli. These results indicate an inverse relationship between magnetic orientation and feeding.

Activation of thalamic ventroposteriolateral neurons by phrenic nerve afferents in cats and rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weirong Zhang ◽  
Paul W. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Afferent Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been demonstrated that phrenic nerve afferents project to somatosensory cortex, yet the sensory pathways are still poorly understood. This study investigated the neural responses in the thalamic ventroposteriolateral (VPL) nucleus after phrenic afferent stimulation in cats and rats. Activation of VPL neurons was observed after electrical stimulation of the contralateral phrenic nerve. Direct mechanical stimulation of the diaphragm also elicited increased activity in the same VPL neurons that were activated by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Some VPL neurons responded to both phrenic afferent stimulation and shoulder probing. In rats, VPL neurons activated by inspiratory occlusion also responded to stimulation on phrenic afferents. These results demonstrate that phrenic afferents can reach the VPL thalamus under physiological conditions and support the hypothesis that the thalamic VPL nucleus functions as a relay for the conduction of proprioceptive information from the diaphragm to the contralateral somatosensory cortex.

The case for light-dependent magnetic orientation in animals

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Deutschlander ◽  
J.B. Phillips ◽  
S.C. Borland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Magnetite Particles ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Effect Of Light

Light-dependent models of magnetoreception have been proposed which involve an interaction between the magnetic field and either magnetite particles located within a photoreceptor or excited states of photopigment molecules. Consistent with a photoreceptor-based magnetic compass mechanism, magnetic orientation responses in salamanders, flies and birds have been shown to be affected by the wavelength of light. In birds and flies, it is unclear whether the effects of light on magnetic orientation are due to a direct effect on a magnetoreception system or to a nonspecific (e.g. motivational) effect of light on orientation behavior. Evidence from shoreward-orienting salamanders, however, demonstrates that salamanders perceive a 90 degrees counterclockwise shift in the direction of the magnetic field under long-wavelength (>=500 nm) light. A simple physiological model based on the antagonistic interaction between two magnetically sensitive spectral mechanisms suggests one possible way in which the wavelength-dependent effects of light on the salamander's magnetic compass response might arise. Assuming that the wavelength-dependent characteristics of the avian magnetic response can be attributed to an underlying magnetoreception system, we discuss several hypotheses attempting to resolve the differences observed in the wavelength-dependent effects of light on magnetic orientation in birds and salamanders. By considering the evidence in the context of photoreceptor- and non-photoreceptor-based mechanisms for magnetoreception, we hope to encourage future studies designed to distinguish between alternative hypotheses concerning the influence of light on magnetoreception.

scholarly journals Magnetic Orientation of Microcylinders in Liquid Crystalline Diblock Copolymer and Clarification of Its Orientation Mechanism

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsu-aki Adachi ◽  
Fumihiro Takazawa ◽  
Naoki Tomikawa ◽  
Masatoshi Tokita ◽  
Junji Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Orientation Mechanism

Magnetic Alignments of Ba-Ferrite Particles in Suspension

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1042-1045
Author(s):  
Jing Long Li ◽  
Saburo Sano ◽  
Jiang Tao Xiong ◽  
Fu Sheng Zhang ◽  
Zhong Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Slip Cast ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Long Chains

Ba-ferrite particles were dispersed into distilled water to make stable slurry, which was then slip cast in transverse magnetic field. The water drainage from the slurry was performed by vacuum evacuation to solidify the slurry into a cake – like sample. To obtain high degree of alignments, the slurries were slip cast in static – / pulsed – magnetic field and by using two separate steps of magnetic orientation and drainage. The particles turned their faces to the magnetic field and formed long chains stacked immediately while the magnetic field was applied, of which high induction density led to high degree of alignments. It is necessary to correspond with the drainage, gravity and magnetism so as to suppress the tendency of distortion or cracking of the sample as the aligned long chains of the particles tend to break into pieces and cave in randomly, which eventually destroys the particle alignments.

scholarly journals ACQUISITION OF MAGNETIC DIRECTIONAL PREFERENCE IN HATCHLING LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES

1994 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lohmann ◽  
C Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Directional Preference ◽  
The Magnetic Field

During their natal migration, hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta L.) establish courses towards the open ocean and maintain them after swimming beyond sight of land. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that swimming hatchlings can orient using the earth's magnetic field. For the magnetic compass to function in guiding the offshore migration, however, hatchlings must inherit or acquire a magnetic directional preference that reliably leads them towards the open sea. On land, hatchlings find the ocean using light cues associated with the seaward horizon. To determine whether turtles might acquire a preference for a specific magnetic direction on the basis of such cues, we studied the magnetic orientation of turtles initially exposed to light from either magnetic east or west. Hatchlings that had been exposed to light in the east subsequently oriented eastward when tested in darkness, whereas those that had been exposed to light in the west swam westward. Reversing the magnetic field resulted in a corresponding shift in orientation, indicating that the turtles were orienting to the ambient magnetic field. These results demonstrate that light cues can set the preferred direction of magnetic orientation by loggerhead hatchlings. We therefore hypothesize that hatchlings initially establish a seaward course using visual cues available on or near land, then maintain the course using magnetic cues as they migrate into the open sea.

On the Relation between Filament Chirality, Rotation Direction, and Morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjun Zhou ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Xing Cheng ◽  
Chaowei Jiang ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
New Method ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotation Direction ◽  
Sample Support ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with enhanced south-component of the magnetic field are susceptible to producing geomagnetic storms. Filament chirality, rotation direction, and morphology are responsible for CMEs’ magnetic orientation and they are manifestations of magnetic helicity. However, different models predict different relations among them. In this paper, taking advantage of stereoscopic observations and a new method of determining the chirality of erupting filaments, we analyze 12 filaments that present a clear rotation during the eruption. The results based on the small sample support the argument that the filaments with for sinistral (dextral) chirality, they rotate clockwise (counterclock-wise), indicating the transformation of twist into writhe. Moreover, we also inspect soft X-ray and EUV hot temperature images and find that, the associated sigmoids are consistent with filaments prior to the eruption morphologically. However, once starting to rise up, the erupting filaments reverse their shapes from forward S-shaped to inversed S-shaped and vice versa.</p>

scholarly journals Magnetic orientation by hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the ability of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings (Caretta caretta L.) to orient using the magnetic field of the earth. Hatchlings were tethered to a rotatable lever-arm apparatus which tracked swimming orientation in complete darkness. Hatchlings tested in the earth's magnetic field were nonrandomly oriented with a mean angle of 42 degrees; those tested under an earth-strength field with a reversed horizontal component were also nonrandomly oriented, but with a mean angle of 196 degrees. The distributions under the two magnetic field conditions were significantly different, indicating that loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings can detect the magnetic field of the earth and use it as a cue in orientation.

Observing the galactic magnetic field

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
H. C. van de Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Solar Neighbourhood ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Various methods of observing the galactic magnetic field are reviewed, and their results summarized. There is fair agreement about the direction of the magnetic field in the solar neighbourhood:l= 50° to 80°; the strength of the field in the disk is of the order of 10-5gauss.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
K. Sundara Raman ◽  
K. B. Ramesh ◽  
R. Selvendran ◽  
P. S. M. Aleem ◽  
K. M. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

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