scholarly journals Bayesian Models of Brain and Behaviour

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Penny
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Population Codes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Developments

This paper presents a review of Bayesian models of brain and behaviour. We first review the basic principles of Bayesian inference. This is followed by descriptions of sampling and variational methods for approximate inference, and forward and backward recursions in time for inference in dynamical models. The review of behavioural models covers work in visual processing, sensory integration, sensorimotor integration, and collective decision making. The review of brain models covers a range of spatial scales from synapses to neurons and population codes, but with an emphasis on models of cortical hierarchies. We describe a simple hierarchical model which provides a mathematical framework relating constructs in Bayesian inference to those in neural computation. We close by reviewing recent theoretical developments in Bayesian inference for planning and control.

scholarly journals КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПІДТРИМАННЯ ЛЬОТНОЇ ПРИДАТНОСТІ ПОВІТРЯНИХ СУДЕН НА РІЗНИХ ЕТАПАХ ЖИТТЄВОГО ЦИКЛУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
М. М. Орловський ◽  
А. В. Приймак ◽  
В. В. Войтенко
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rules Set

 Based on the analysis of the airworthiness model of aircraft and the current legal framework in Ukraine, the fact of creating conditions for resolving most of the problems in the aviation industry is stated and further ways for the activities of regulatory bodies are determined. In the aspect of the importance of the problem of improving the system of maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft in Ukraine, the basic principles and rules for ensuring and maintaining airworthiness are determined, as well as requirements for the system for maintaining airworthiness are formulated. In the context of the formation and improvement of the aircraft continued airworthiness system, the most important requirement is to determine the composition and content of its main conceptual provisions: principles and methods to be implemented at different stages of the life cycle of aviation technology. Methods and means of ensuring and maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft follow from the tasks of the functioning of the aviation transport system and are based on the theory of reliability, probability and mathematical statistics, the theory of random processes and recovery, operations research and systems analysis, the theory of mathematical programming and experimentation, cybernetics, systems engineering and others with the use of software and computer technology. At the same time, the peculiarities of the current domestic regulatory framework, the requirements of ICAO international standards, world experience in maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft should be taken into account. In the methodological plan, when justifying the requirements for the system for ensuring and maintaining airworthiness, program-target planning and control methods can be used. The paper presents the main components of the aircraft airworthiness maintenance system. These components are responsible for various areas of its functioning in accordance with the principles and rules set out in the framework of the requirements for it. The global impact of the human factor problem on the process of maintaining and maintaining airworthiness of aircraft and on ensuring flight safety in general is shown, which is impossible without a detailed study of the features of the functioning and the corresponding improvement of the processes of maintenance and repair of aircraft.

Simple Bayesian Models

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thompson Hobbs ◽  
Mevin B. Hooten
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Total Probability ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World

This chapter lays out the basic principles of Bayesian inference, building on the concepts of probability developed in Chapter 3. It seeks to use the rules of probability to show how Bayes' theorem works, by making use of the conditional rule of probability and the law of total probability. The chapter begins with the central, underpinning tenet of the Bayesian view: the world can be divided into quantities that are observed and quantities that are unobserved. Unobserved quantities include parameters in models, latent states predicted by models, missing data, effect sizes, future states, and data before they are observed. We wish to learn about these quantities using observations. The Bayesian framework for achieving that understanding is applied in exactly the same way regardless of the specifics of the research problem at hand or the nature of the unobserved quantities.

scholarly journals Modeling, learning, perception, and control methods for deformable object manipulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (54) ◽  
pp. eabd8803
Author(s):  
Hang Yin ◽  
Anastasia Varava ◽  
Danica Kragic
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Deformable Objects ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Integrate Model ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Classical Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Developments ◽  
And Task

Perceiving and handling deformable objects is an integral part of everyday life for humans. Automating tasks such as food handling, garment sorting, or assistive dressing requires open problems of modeling, perceiving, planning, and control to be solved. Recent advances in data-driven approaches, together with classical control and planning, can provide viable solutions to these open challenges. In addition, with the development of better simulation environments, we can generate and study scenarios that allow for benchmarking of various approaches and gain better understanding of what theoretical developments need to be made and how practical systems can be implemented and evaluated to provide flexible, scalable, and robust solutions. To this end, we survey more than 100 relevant studies in this area and use it as the basis to discuss open problems. We adopt a learning perspective to unify the discussion over analytical and data-driven approaches, addressing how to use and integrate model priors and task data in perceiving and manipulating a variety of deformable objects.

PLANNING TO MEET THE GROWING DEMANDS ON NORTHLANDS WATER RESOURCES

1986 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
D.L. Roke
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Resource Management Planning ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The growth in horticultural and some industrial development in selected areas of Northland has led to a need for more specific and careful planning and control of limited resources in a number of major catchments. The potential irrigation demands for horhculture comprise over 60% of Northland's potential water requirements. By contrast, farm water supply needs are only 11% of these needs. Because of their importance to the Northland economy, and in the legislation these needs are given a high priority in water resource management planning. Land uses, including pastoral farming, require careful operation to reduce diffuse sources of pollution.

Problems of Optimization in the Planning and Control of the Environment

Soviet Review ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fedorenko ◽  
K. Gofman
Keyword(s):  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control

Präzisions-Forstwirtschaft – was ist das? | Precision forestry – what's that?

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (8) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Rudolf Heinimann
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Precision Forestry ◽  
And Control

The term «precision forestry» was first introduced and discussed at a conference in 2001. The aims of this paper are to explore the scientific roots of the precision concept, define «precision forestry», and sketch the challenges that the implementation of this new concept may present to practitioners, educators, and researchers. The term «precision» does not mean accuracy on a small scale, but instead refers to the concurrent coordination and control of processes at spatial scales between 1 m and 100 km. Precision strives for an automatic control of processes. Precision land use differs from precision engineering by the requirements of gathering,storing and managing spatio-temporal variability of site and vegetation parameters. Practitioners will be facing the challenge of designing holistic, standardized business processes that are valid for whole networks of firms,and that follow available standards (e.g., SCOR, WoodX). There is a need to educate and train forestry professionals in the areas of business process re-engineering, computer supported management of business transactions,methods of remote sensing, sensor technology and control theory. Researchers will face the challenge of integrating plant physiology, soil physics and production sciences and solving the supply chain coordination problem (SCCP).

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