scholarly journals Comparing Lung Cancer Risks in Sweden, USA, and Japan

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örjan Hallberg ◽  
Olle Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Risk Function ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Type ◽  
Cancer Rates ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Smoking Prevalence And Intensity

Objective. To develop a conceptual model for lung cancer rates to describe and quantify observed differences between Sweden and USA contra Japan. Method. A two-parameter lognormal distribution was used to describe the lung cancer rates over time after a 1-year period of smoking. Based on that risk function in combination with smoking prevalence, the calculated age-standardized rates were adjusted to fit reported data from Japan, Sweden, and the USA by parameter variation. Results. The risk of lung cancer is less in Japan than in Sweden and in the USA at the same smoking prevalence and intensity. Calculated age-specific rates did also fit well to reported rates without further parameter adjustments. Conclusions. This new type of cancer model appears to have high degree of predictive value. It is recommended that data from more countries are studied to identify important life-style factors related to lung cancer.

scholarly journals Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory: Rationale for Procedures

Dose-Response ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. dose-response.0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Radiation Carcinogenesis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Threshold Theory ◽  
Cancer Rates

A tightly reasoned justification is presented for the procedures used in our test of the linear-no threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis by comparing lung cancer rates with average radon exposure in U.S. counties. A key point is its dependence on ecological variables rather than on characteristics of individuals and the principal problems involve treatment of potential confounding factors (CF). The method of stratification is introduced and shown to be preferable to multiple regression for evaluating effects of confounding. Utilizing numerous available CF reduces the problem of representing a complex confounding relationship by the average value of a single CF. The requirements on a CF for affecting the results are quantified in terms of its correlations with lung cancer rates and radon levels and it is shown that the existence of an unknown confounder satisfying these requirements is highly implausible. Effects of combinations of confounding factors are treated and shown not to be important. The problem of confounding factors on the level of individuals is resolved. Consideration of plausibility of correlations is used in several applications, including treatments of uncertainty in smoking prevalence, within county differences in radon exposure between smokers and non-smokers, variations in intensity of smoking, differences between measured radon levels and actual exposures, etc. Examples are presented for all applications. The differences between our study and case-control studies, and the advantages of each for testing the linear-no threshold theory, are discussed.

A Simple Method to Estimate Tobacco-related Lung Cancer Deaths Based on Smoking Prevalence Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Winkler ◽  
A. Gbangou ◽  
B. Kouyate ◽  
H. Becher
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Rates ◽  
Total Burden

Summary Objective: Tobacco is the major cause of cancer and a relevant risk factor for several other chronic diseases. Due to the epidemiological transition in developing countries with overall increasing life expectancy there is an increasing relevance of chronic diseases to the total burden of diseases. Furthermore, there are indications for a rise in the consumption of tobacco products in developing countries. Since in Africa data on smoking prevalence are scarce and cancer diagnosis is often imprecise or missing, it is difficult to estimate the current and future number of cancer cases attributable to tobacco smoking. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the effects of smoking on lung cancer in selected developing countries in Africa. Methods: We combined data on smoking prevalence from different African countries with estimates on age-specific lung cancer rates in smokers and non-smokers from industrialized countries and data on age and sex distribution in African countries. We perform a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of the assumptions necessary for the procedure. Results: If the smoking prevalence in African countries will remain on the current level, we estimate age-specific lung cancer rates lower than those in Germany. Despite the relatively small proportion of adults aged 50 and more which is the age when most cancer cases occur, there is an appreciable number of deaths from lung cancer that could be prevented when smoking prevalence could be reduced. Depending on assumptions we estimate up about 50,000 lung cancer deaths per year in Africa, most of which could be prevented. Conclusions: Efforts for smoking prevalence reduction are much more needed in the developing world. Better and more comprehensive data on smoking are needed for more precise estimates.

Lower lung cancer rates in Jewish smokers in Israel and the USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 2155-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Rennert ◽  
Ran Kremer ◽  
Hedy S. Rennert ◽  
Mira Wollner ◽  
Abed Agbarya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cancer Rates

9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Göran Gunner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Mega Church ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Jerry Falwell ◽  
High Degree

Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

Role of sex hormones in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110196
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fuentes ◽  
Miguel Silva Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Rates

Lung cancer represents the world’s leading cause of cancer deaths. Sex differences in the incidence and mortality rates for various types of lung cancers have been identified, but the biological and endocrine mechanisms implicated in these disparities have not yet been determined. While some cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma are more commonly found among women than men, others like squamous cell carcinoma display the opposite pattern or show no sex differences. Associations of tobacco product use rates, susceptibility to carcinogens, occupational exposures, and indoor and outdoor air pollution have also been linked to differential rates of lung cancer occurrence and mortality between sexes. While roles for sex hormones in other types of cancers affecting women or men have been identified and described, little is known about the influence of sex hormones in lung cancer. One potential mechanism identified to date is the synergism between estrogen and some tobacco compounds, and oncogene mutations, in inducing the expression of metabolic enzymes, leading to enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA adducts, and subsequent lung carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the literature available regarding sex differences in cancer rates, associations of male and female sex hormones with lung cancer, the influence of exogenous hormone therapy in women, and potential mechanisms mediated by male and female sex hormone receptors in lung carcinogenesis. The influence of biological sex on lung disease has recently been established, thus new research incorporating this variable will shed light on the mechanisms behind the observed disparities in lung cancer rates, and potentially lead to the development of new therapeutics to treat this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis presenting as dacryoadenitis in the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e231694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Ross Powers ◽  
Mark Anthony Diaz ◽  
Julio C Mendez
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Antituberculosis Therapy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Filipino Woman

A 25-year-old Filipino woman living in the USA was evaluated for a 5-month history of left eye pain and a subsequent orbital mass. Histopathological analysis of the lacrimal mass showed a mixed inflammatory process with necrotising granulomas and positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She was treated with antituberculosis therapy, with resolution of symptoms. Tuberculosis dacryoadenitis is extremely rare in the USA and other developed countries. It requires a high degree of clinical suspicion with special attention to the patient’s history to make the correct diagnosis. It can be treated successfully with antituberculosis therapy.

Doses and lung cancer risks from exposure to radon and plutonium

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Marsh ◽  
John D. Harrison ◽  
Dominique Laurier ◽  
Alan Birchall ◽  
Eric Blanchardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risks

Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Cancer Using a New Type of Endoscope

CHEST Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Tanaka ◽  
Eiichi Kohda ◽  
Maseru Satoh ◽  
Fumihiro Yamasawa ◽  
Akira Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Lung Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
New Type
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document