scholarly journals What Really Causes Necrotising Enterocolitis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Peter Fox ◽  
Charles Godavitarne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Emergency ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Single Well

Background. One of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders occurring in neonates is necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). It is recognised as the most common intra-abdominal emergency and is the leading cause of short bowel syndrome. With extremely high mortality and morbidity, this enigmatic disease remains a challenge for neonatologists around the world as its definite aetiology has yet to be determined. As current medical knowledge stands, there is no single well-defined cause of NEC. Instead, there are nearly 20 risk factors that are proposed to increase the likelihood of developing NEC. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this project was to conduct a comprehensive literature review around the 20 or so well-documented and less well-documented risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis. Materials and Methods. Searches of the Medline, Embase, and Science direct databases were conducted using the words “necrotising enterocolitis + the risk factor in question” for example, “necrotising enterocolitis + dehydration.” Search results were ordered by relevance with bias given to more recent publications. Conclusion. This literature review has demonstrated the complexity of necrotising enterocolitis and emphasised the likely multifactorial aetiology. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which each risk factor is implicated in necrotising enterocolitis.

scholarly journals RISK FACTOR OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY BY USING LITERATURE REVIEW METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Winda Fatma Sari ◽  
Adityawarman Adityawarman ◽  
Budiono Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pregnancy History ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
History Of

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy outside the uterus, embryo could attached to thefallopian tube, ovary cervix or cervix. Around 85-90% incidence of ectopic pregnancy is found inmultigravid women. According to data from the Health Office, maternal mortality in 2017 tendsto increase in the last two years. Not only it is a major predictor of mortality and morbidity inpregnant women, but individuals with a history of ectopic pregnancy have a greater risk. Thepurpose of this research was to determine the risk factors that cause ectopic pregnancy by usingliterature studies review. Method:This study used a systematic review of articles that publishedbetween 2013-2020 in the Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. 10 articles that meet theinclusion and exclusion criteria, included as a sample for further review. The results regarding torisk factors that caused ectopic pregnancy in each article were systematically synthesized. Results:Risk factors found to be significantly associated with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in thearticle were age (2), infertility (2), IUD (3), PID (3), Ectopic Pregnancy History (5), Progestine Pills (2), History of Abortion (1), Smoking (3). Conclusions: age, infertility, IUD, PID, history of ectopic pregnancy, progestine pill, History of abortion, and smoking were risk factors that hadsignificant relationship with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy.

The Iron Biology Status of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients May be a Risk Factor for Development of Infectious Peritonitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwh Aldriwesh ◽  
Noura Al-Dayan ◽  
Jonathan Barratt ◽  
Primrose Freestone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Background Infectious peritonitis is a clinically important condition contributing to the significant mortality and morbidity rates observed in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although some of the socioeconomic risk factors for PD-associated peritonitis have been identified, it is still unclear why certain patients are more susceptible than others to infection. Methods We examined the molecular components of human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) in an attempt to identify factors that might increase patient susceptibility to infection. Characterization studies were performed on initial and follow-up dialysate samples collected from 9 renal failure patients on PD. Results Our in vitro data showed that peritonitis-causing bacteria grew differently in the patient dialysates. Proteomic analysis identified an association between transferrin presence and infection risk, as peritoneal transferrin was discovered to be iron-saturated, which was in marked contrast to transferrin in blood. Further, use of radioactive iron-labeled transferrin showed peritoneal transferrin could act as a direct iron source for the growth of peritonitis-causing bacteria. We also found catecholamine stress hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline were present in the dialysates and were apparently involved in enhancing the growth of the bacteria via transferrin iron provision. This suggests the iron biology status of the PD patient may be a risk factor for development of infectious peritonitis Conclusions Collectively, our study suggests transferrin and catecholamines within peritoneal dialysate may be indicators of the potential for bacterial growth in HPD and, as infection risk factors, represent possible future targets for therapeutic manipulation.

scholarly journals Venous anomalies as potentially lethal risk factors during ordinary catheterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savino Occhionorelli ◽  
Sergio Gianesini ◽  
Lorenzo Marinelli ◽  
Marianna Daniele ◽  
Sara Chierici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Venous Anomalies ◽  
Technology Advancement

Venous malformations are rare but possible findings too, constituting a further risk factor for central venous catheter procedures. Herein we describe a case of death because of an innominate vein perforation by a catheter that incidentally was tucked into a sacciform malformation. Even if the technology advancement is constantly offering us new investigation tools, up to now diagnostic options are limited in the detection of those malformations that could potentially lead to dramatic complications as the described one. The present work raises the awareness about rare venous anomalies and their potential clinical implications. A proper literature review and diagnostic implementation proposal are reported.

scholarly journals Risk factor Analysis and Angiographic Profiles in First 228 Cases Undergone Coronary Angiography in Cardiac Cath Lab of Dhaka Medical College Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
AEMM Islam ◽  
M Faruque ◽  
AW Chowdhury ◽  
HIR Khan ◽  
MS Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Single Vessel

Background: Coronary artery diseases are one of the major challenges faced by cardiologists. Control of certain risk factors for CAD is associated with decrease in mortality and morbidity from myocardial infarction and unstable angina. So, identification and taking appropriate measures for primary and secondary prevention of such risk factors is, therefore, of great importance. This retrospective study was carried at the newly set up cath lab in Dhaka Medical college. Materials and Methods: Total 228 consecutive case undergone diagnostic coronary angiogram from 10th January 2007 to31st January 2009 out of which 194(80%) were male and 34 (20%) were female. In both sexes most of the patients were between 41 to 60 years of age. Risk factors of the patients were evaluated. Results: In females commonest risk factor was Diabetes (58.8%) followed by dyslipidaemia (35.3%). In males commonest risk factor was hypertension (30.9%) followed by smoking (29.9%) and diabetes (28.3%). In males 44.3% patients presented with acute myocardial infarction followed by stable angina (43.3%); but in females stable angina was the commonest presentation (50.0%) followed by myocardial infarction (38.2%).CAG findings revealed that in males 33.5% had double vessel disease 26.8% followed by single vessel 26.8% and multivessel disease 25.3%. In females normal CAG was found in 35.5% followed by double vessel 23.5%, multivessel 20.6% and single vessel 20.6%. On the basis of CAG findings; in males 41.8% patients were recommended for CABG, followed by PTCA & stenting 26.3% and medical therapy 30.0%; where as in females 55.9% were recommended for medical therapy , followed by CABG 32.4% and PTCA & stenting11.8%. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of CAD was 4th and 5th decades in both sexes. Diabetes and dyslipidaemia were more common in females whereas hypertension and smoking were more common in males. Myocardial infarction and stable angina were most common presentation in both sexes though in males myocardial infarction was more common. In males the angiographic severity of CAD was more and they were more subjected for CABG in comparison to females. Key words: Risk factors; Coronary angiography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9179 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 122-125

The nexus between risk factor disclosures and short-run performance of IPOs – evidence from literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishan Lal Grover ◽  
Pritpal Singh Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ipo Performance ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Risk Disclosures

PurposeThe main purpose of the present study is to stretch the theoretical framework of existing stock of literature with reference to Risk Disclosures in IPO Prospectus and IPO performance. The systematic literature review study endows easy and quick access to researchers as well as categorization of the available literature.Design/methodology/approachFifty research papers, which has been published or presented from 2000 to 2019 and are related to IPO risk disclosures and IPO performance, have been finalized. Further, these research papers were categorized based upon the five different variables to identify the probable research gap in the selected topic.FindingsThis review provides a coherent summary of past studies related to topic and develop a comprehensive evidence on relationship between disclosure of risk factors and IPO underpricing in short run. It shows the existing research gap that needs to be fulfilled to expand the research horizon of future research studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe sole limitation of the study is that being a systematic literature review study, it does not carry any empirical results.Practical implicationsThe investors will be able to identify the key risk factors, disclosed in IPO prospectus, that may have probable dent on the short-term return from IPO. The findings will further help the investors and financial analyst to identify the degree of impact of risk disclosures that are listed in IPO prospectus.Originality/valueThe paper is a first of its kind to stretch the existing literature and develop theoretical framework in the context of risk factor discloses in IPO prospectus and IPO performance with reference to India. The present study is an attempt to integrate the existing gap between empirical research and existing literature and suggest the techniques to the future practitioners to widen the horizon of their research.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Stunting Among Children in Some Areas in Indonesia: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Intan Gumilang Pratiwi ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Comprehensive Intervention

Stunting is a malnutrition condition that caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake. In 2010, the number of stunting in Indonesia reached 42.38%. In 2013, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia amounted to 37.2%. The highest occurrence comes from East Nusa Tenggara with more than 50% of the children are stunted. The method used in this paper is Literature Review. We use keyword Risk Factor and Stunting in online resources such as Science Direct, Proquest, PubMed, Google Scholar and another related website. Many risk factors affect stunting in Indonesia. Stunting is caused by multi-dimensional factors and not only caused by malnutrition factors experienced by pregnant women and children under five. Some of the cases described above have contributed to the high prevalence of stunting in Indonesia and therefore a comprehensive intervention plan is required to reduce stunting prevalence in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight as Risk Factor of Pneumonia Child in Primary Health Care of Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Vania Ayu Puspamaniar ◽  
Retno Asih Setyoningrum ◽  
Dwi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Primary Health

Introduction: Pneumonia is an infectious disease attacking lower respiratory tract. It has one of the highest number of world’s mortality and morbidity in children. Many risk factors are suspected as the reasons why the disease still occur a lot. One of the major risk factors is birth weight which makes their immune system immature and easier to get various complications and infections. The aim of this study is to analyze birth weight as risk factor of pneumonia in children under 5 years old. Methods: This was an analytical study with case control design. This study was held in Primary Health Care of Tambakrejo, from August to December 2017. The sample size was 22 respondents for each case and control group. Technique of sampling was total sampling. Secondary data were collected by medical records at the health center and Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Data were entered into Microsoft Excel then statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 22. The data were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact Test.Results: During August to December 2017, there were 22 respondents which were diagnosed with pneumonia in Tambakrejo Primary Health Center. Two of them (4.55%) had low birth weight and the rests had normal birth weight (95.45%). The analyze result stated that there is no significant correlation between pneumonia incidence and birth weight. Conclusion: Birth weight is one of pneumonia risk factors without significant impact.

scholarly journals Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates:a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Pydi Nagasree ◽  
Lanka Swetha ◽  
Arigela Vasundhara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is mostly limited to preterm babies due to immaturity of gut. NEC is one of important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the neonatal intensive care units all over the world.Aim of study is to find the antenatal and post-natal risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates admitted to NICU.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 45 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis fulfilling the predetermined inclusion criteria. A detailed antenatal history including all maternal risk factors, birth history including the need for resuscitation and type of resuscitation was recorded. The gestational assessment was done by the New Ballard Score.Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension accounts as a risk factor to most of the cases of NEC 18 (40%), followed by setting for sepsis 12 (26.6%), least being gestational diabetes mellitus 1 (2.2%).Conclusions: Prematurity is found to be the most common risk factor followed by patent ductus arteriosus and sepsis. Most common antenatal risk factor was PIH (Pregnancy induced hypertension).

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