scholarly journals Molecular Biomarkers of Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy for Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan G. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Cancer Types

Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer has gone from an intriguing hypothesis in the 1970s to an accepted treatment approach for many cancer types. It has also become a standard of care for certain eye diseases. Yet, despite the use of molecularly targeted drugs with well defined targets, to date there are no biomarkers to guide the use of antiangiogenic therapy in patients. The mechanisms of action of these drugs are also being debated. This paper discusses some of the emerging biomarker candidates for this type of cancer therapy, which have provided mechanistic insight and might be useful in the future for optimizing cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemeri Livinalli ◽  
Taís Freire Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have emerged in the 1990 decade as an important option for cancer treatment. These molecules have a diverse set of clinically relevant antitumor mechanisms, directly targeting tumor cells. It has been established as “standard of care” for several human cancers. This chapter reviews the use of monoclonal antibodies in oncology and introduces available biosimilars. The requirements for biosimilar antibody development, mechanisms of action and current clinical applications for cancer treatment is also presented.

Integrins as A New Target for Cancer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Łasiñska ◽  
Jacek Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Melanoma Therapy

:Despite the great progress in the development of targeted therapies for different types of cancer utilizing monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab for colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer therapy), kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib for kidney cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumours therapy), and immunomodulatory treatments (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab for melanoma therapy and lung cancer therapy), there is still a need to search for new, more effective treatments.:Integrins are responsible for intercellular adhesion and interaction with the cellular matrix. The function of integrins is related to the transduction of intracellular signals associated with adhesion, migration, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Molecules targeting integrins that lead to cancer cell death have been developed. The most advanced molecules studied in clinical trials are abituzumab, intetumumab and cilengitide. There are different groups of anti-integrin drugs: monoclonal antibodies (e.g., abituzumab) and other such as cilengitide, E7820 and MK-0429. These drugs have been evaluated in various cancer types. However, they have shown modest efficacy, and none of them have yet been approved for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that patient selection using biomarkers might improve the efficacy of anti-integrin cancer treatment. Many preclinical models have demonstrated promising results using integrin visualization for cancer detection and treatment efficacy monitoring; however, these strategies require further evaluation in humans.

Progress in systemic co-delivery of microRNAs and chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment by using lipid-based nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Annie Turkeshi ◽  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
Hongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Mirna Therapeutics

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold the potential to boost therapeutic efficacy and/or reverse drug resistance associated with traditional cancer chemotherapy. Both miRNA mimics and inhibitors have been explored in cancer therapy. Systemic co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and miRNA therapeutics represents an attractive treatment approach, but safe and efficient delivery systems are greatly needed. The regulatory approval of Onpattro® paved the way for lipid-based nanoparticles to deliver RNA therapeutics in different settings, including in combination with chemotherapeutics to treat cancer. In this Special Report, we discuss the significance of systemic co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and miRNA therapeutics for cancer therapy and highlight the representative examples of this strategy using lipid-based nanoparticles. We also present outstanding roadblocks to clinical translation and provide the latest perspectives.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanomaterials in Hyperthermic Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kim ◽  
Myeong ju Moon ◽  
Suchithra Poilil Surendran ◽  
Yong Yeon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a non-sulfated polysaccharide polymer with the properties of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Additionally, HA specifically binds to certain receptors that are over-expressed in cancer cells. To maximize the effect of drug delivery and cancer treatment, diverse types of nanomaterials have been developed. HA-based nanomaterials, including micelles, polymersomes, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, play a critical role in efficient drug delivery and cancer treatment. Hyperthermic cancer treatment using HA-based nanomaterials has attracted attention as an efficient cancer treatment approach. In this paper, the biomedical applications of HA-based nanomaterials in hyperthermic cancer treatment and combined therapies are summarized. HA-based nanomaterials may become a representative platform in hyperthermic cancer treatment.

Anticancer Properties of Essential Oils: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 957-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Aparecida Andrade ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Braga ◽  
Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento ◽  
Mariana Araújo Espósito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Antitumor Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Background: Essential oils are complex mixtures of low molecular weight compounds extracted from plants. Their main constituents are terpenes and phenylpropanoids, which are responsible for their biological and pharmaceutical properties, such as insecticidal, parasiticidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, anticarcinogenic, and antitumor properties. Cancer is a complex genetic disease considered as a serious public health problem worldwide, accounting for more than 8 million deaths annually. Objective: The activities of prevention and treatment of different types of cancer and the medicinal potential of essential oils are addressed in this review. Conclusion: Several studies have demonstrated anti-carcinogenic and antitumor activity for many essential oils obtained from various plant species. They may be used as a substitution to or in addition to conventional anti-cancer therapy. Although many studies report possible mechanisms of action for essential oils compounds, more studies are necessary in order to apply them safely and appropriately in cancer therapy.

Utilizing Cancer - Functional Gene Set - Compound Networks to Identify Putative Drugs for Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hung Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Chiao Chiu ◽  
Yu-Heng Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Hsu ◽  
Hung-I Harry Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Gene Sets

Aim and Objective: The number of anticancer drugs available currently is limited, and some of them have low treatment response rates. Moreover, developing a new drug for cancer therapy is labor intensive and sometimes cost prohibitive. Therefore, “repositioning” of known cancer treatment compounds can speed up the development time and potentially increase the response rate of cancer therapy. This study proposes a systems biology method for identifying new compound candidates for cancer treatment in two separate procedures. Materials and Methods: First, a “gene set–compound” network was constructed by conducting gene set enrichment analysis on the expression profile of responses to a compound. Second, survival analyses were applied to gene expression profiles derived from four breast cancer patient cohorts to identify gene sets that are associated with cancer survival. A “cancer–functional gene set– compound” network was constructed, and candidate anticancer compounds were identified. Through the use of breast cancer as an example, 162 breast cancer survival-associated gene sets and 172 putative compounds were obtained. Results: We demonstrated how to utilize the clinical relevance of previous studies through gene sets and then connect it to candidate compounds by using gene expression data from the Connectivity Map. Specifically, we chose a gene set derived from a stem cell study to demonstrate its association with breast cancer prognosis and discussed six new compounds that can increase the expression of the gene set after the treatment. Conclusion: Our method can effectively identify compounds with a potential to be “repositioned” for cancer treatment according to their active mechanisms and their association with patients’ survival time.

Coconut-shell-derived activated carbon for NIR photo-activated synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Bao Jiang ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Ao Wang ◽  
Shaohua Wei
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Photothermal Conversion

Activated carbon nanoparticles (ANs) were synthesized from coconut shell. ANs show peroxidase and photothermal conversion activities, allowing synergistic cancer treatment via chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).

scholarly journals DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Huang ◽  
Ping-Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Baseline Drift ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Damage Response

AbstractGenomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells’ DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists’ findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely “environmental gear selection” to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and “DNA damage baseline drift”, which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.

scholarly journals A Late Dermatologic Presentation of Bullous Pemphigoid Induced by Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Associated with Unexplained Neurological Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 861-867
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Mariano Suppa ◽  
Pascal Bruderer ◽  
Nicolas Sirtaine ◽  
Sandrine Aspeslagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Immunotherapy has become the standard of care for various cancer types. The widespread use of immune checkpoints inhibitors confronts us with a whole range of novel immune-related adverse events. Skin toxicity is one of the most frequent adverse events. In this article, we report a case of anti-PD-1 induced late bullous pemphigoid (BP) with mucosal erosions and associated with a troublesome neurological disorder of undetermined origin in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Skin biopsy was essential to make the diagnosis and rapid initiation of systemic prednisolone played a role in favorable clinical outcome of BP. We will discuss the difficulty of early diagnosis of BP, its unusual association with neurological disorders, and the specific management of this particular dermatological entity.

Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Treatment Approach in Elderly Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Felice ◽  
Daniele Crocetti ◽  
Veronica Maiuri ◽  
Martina Parisi ◽  
Francesco Marampon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer Treatment
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