scholarly journals Steel Slag as an Aggregate Replacement in Malaysian Hot Mix Asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Mohammad Sabri ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Anwar Sahul Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Design System ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Crushed Aggregate ◽  
Pavement Construction

As natural aggregate sources are becoming depleted due to high demand in road construction and the amount of disposed waste material keeps increasing, researchers are exploring the use of alternative materials which could preserve natural sources and save the environment. In this study, steel slag was used as an aggregate replacement in conventional dense graded asphalt mixes (ACW14 and ACB28). Steel slag was selected due to its characteristics, which are almost similar to conventional aggregates, and the fact that it is easily obtainable as a by-product of the steel industry. The same gradations of mixtures were produced using normal crushed aggregate as control samples. The Marshall mix design system was used for sample preparation in accordance with Malaysian specifications. Samples of asphaltic concrete were subjected to the resilient modulus test, creep test and rutting test. Samples made from steel slag show significantly better results than conventional aggregate. Therefore, utilization of steel slag will reduce land fill, save natural resources and improve the strength of pavement to sustain a higher volume of vehicles. This will shift the gear in sustainable pavement construction, which is most desirable in today’s energy deficient world.

Skidding Characteristics of Pavement Surfaces Incorporating Steel Slag Aggregates

1996 ◽  
Vol 1545 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Stock ◽  
Colin M. Ibberson ◽  
I. F. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up

Steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, has been used in road construction in South Yorkshire and its environs for the past 60 years. Local highway engineers have anecdotal evidence of good long-term antiskid performance from road surfacings that incorporate steel slag aggregate, and these materials have remained popular with users. In view of the move toward performance measurements for paving materials, a systematic study of the performance of paving materials incorporating slag has been set up as a combined industry-university project with the assistance of the Teaching Company Directorate. The evaluation of the skid resistance characteristics of steel slag aggregates and the skidding characteristics of pavement surfaces incorporating steel slag aggregate are reported. The research program developed a modified specimen preparation procedure that significantly reduced the scatter in polished stone value (PSV) results. The field data showed that all steel slag surfaces provided good long-term skid resistance and that the 14-mm chippings exceed the performance expectations of rock chippings with similar PSVs.

scholarly journals Treatment of clay soils with steel slag, in road engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Nizar Sebbar ◽  
Abdelaziz Lahmili ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Public Laboratory

The road construction sector draws large quantities of materials every day to meet the needs of infrastructure networks. The main aim of the link between different regions is to facilitate the transport and connection of these agglomerations. With such a pace, a shortage of these materials is worsening by the day, causing an imbalance in our “ecosystem” on the way. All these factors and many others have raised the alarm among managers in the construction industry. Environmental organizations have since been constantly seeking palliative solutions to this global scourge. In addition, several industries generate a large amount of waste annually, in some cases recoverable while respecting certain technical and environmental criteria. It is in this environmental approach, embracing a philosophy of circular economy that multiple co-products (Slag, Fly Ash, Phosphogypsum, Silica Fume…etc.) have been tested and numerous studies have demonstrated their ability to be used as a substitute for natural resources. In this respect, the following article will focus, through studies conducted in public laboratory, on various mixtures of the "soil-slag" couple to assess their possible use in road engineering. First, an identification of the materials (soil from the Sidi Kacem region and slags from a steel industry) to be adopted in our analysis will be carried out, then we will proceed to Proctor/CBR tests on soil-slag mixtures, defined in advance in order to decide on the possibility of developing them in road engineering and thereby reduce the quantities in contribution of noble materials.

scholarly journals Use of Steel Slag as an Alternative to Aggregate and Filler in Road Pavements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Giulio Dondi ◽  
Francesco Mazzotta ◽  
Claudio Lantieri ◽  
Federico Cuppi ◽  
Valeria Vignali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
New Production ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Marshall Stability

Today the use of Construction and Demolition Materials (CDM) can be considered as a suitable solution for the construction or the rehabilitation of road pavements. In this context, it is central to minimizing waste production, favoring the reuse through new production cycles to replace virgin natural raw materials. As illustrated in this study, steel slag has mechanical properties that justify its use as aggregate in the manufacture of bituminous mixes. In road construction, their use is focused on the substitution of fine aggregate and filler in bituminous mixtures. Mechanical characterizations, Marshall stability and indirect tensile resilient modulus (ITSM) tests were used to evaluate the laboratory performance of the mixtures. The research aims are to provide the use of these materials for the construction of the entire road pavement structure; in this study authors used these materials both in the characterization of cementitious layers and in those with bituminous conglomerate. In both cases, the use of steel slag has favored an increase of stiffness in the mixtures.

Utilisation of Steel Slag as an Aggregate Replacement in Porous Asphalt Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Gatot Rusbintardjo ◽  
Mohd Anwar Sahul Hameed ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
By Products

The utilization of porous asphalt mixtures has become increasingly important. This type of pavement has been used in many developed countries for many years with the addition of by-products to reduce the consumption of aggregates in road construction. Recently, the Malaysian Public Works Department (PWD) launched specifications for specialty mixtures and surface treatments, including porous asphalt. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the use of steel slag as a conventional aggregate replacement in porous asphalt mixtures. Two porous asphalt gradations, designated as Grade A and Grade B, were used in this study in accordance with the new specification – JKR/SPJ/2008-S4. Steel slag was chosen because its characteristics are quite similar to those of aggregates compared with other by-products such as crumb rubber, glass and many more. It was observed that steel slag aggregate meets all the criteria of the PWD specification except for the water absorption test. The samples of steel slag aggregate mixtures produced were tested for resilient modulus, rutting and permeability, which were later compared with conventional aggregate mixtures. The results show that there is a significant difference in terms of resilient modulus between the steel slag aggregate-based mixture and the conventional aggregate-based mixture. The same scenario was observed in the rutting test, where the steel slag aggregate mixture possesses a higher rut resistance. However the mixtures made from conventional aggregate had higher permeability values compared to the steel slag mixtures. It can be concluded that the use of steel slag could performed admirably during high traffic loading.

scholarly journals Influence of the Long-Term Oven Aging on the Performance of the Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adham Mohammed Alnadish ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Aman ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Aged Asphalt

The long-term aging of the asphalt mixtures has become a major concern because it decreases the lifespan of the asphalt layer. In this study, the asphalt mixtures incorporating steel slag aggregates were reinforced with synthetic fibers as a novel contribution in terms of decreasing the effect of aging on the performance of the asphalt mixtures. However, different mixtures—namely, Mix0, Mix1, and Mix2—were subjected to long-term oven aging to study the effect of the aging on the performance of the asphalt mixes. Mix0 consisted of coarse and fine granite aggregates, while Mix1 was composed of coarse steel slag aggregate and fine granite aggregate. Mix2 represents the reinforced asphalt mixtures incorporating coarse steel slag aggregate and reinforced with the synthetic fibers of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic, and polyester at the proportion of 0.3% by weight of the aggregates. The conducted performance tests were resilient modulus, rutting depth, and cracking resistance. The outputs of the performance tests for the unaged asphalt mixes displayed that the mixtures incorporating coarse steel slag aggregate exhibited better performance than the mixtures containing granite aggregate. Meanwhile, the reinforced asphalt mixtures have shown a lower resilient modulus and a higher permanent deformation than the unreinforced asphalt mixes due to the elastic behavior. Otherwise, the reinforced asphalt mixtures have shown superior resistance to cracking in comparison to the unreinforced mixtures. On the other hand, the performance of the aged asphalt mixtures demonstrated that the mixtures containing granite aggregates exhibited a lower susceptibility to aging than the mixtures incorporating steel slag aggregate. Meanwhile, the performance of the aged reinforced asphalt mixtures showed that introducing synthetic fibers has decreased the effect of the long-term oven aging.

Performance of Steel Slag in Highway Surface Course

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Rosli Hainin ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
Manouchehr Shokri ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Steel Furnace ◽  
Crushed Aggregate

As the quantity of disposing waste material is increasing in road construction, researchers are exploring the use of alternative materials which could preserve natural sources and save the environment. One of these sustainable materials is steel-furnace slag which is a synthetic aggregate produced as a consequence of the electric arc furnace (EAF). Steel slag was selected due to its characteristics, which are almost similar to conventional aggregates, and the fact that it is easily obtainable as a by-product from the steel industry. The same gradations of mixtures were produced using normal crushed aggregate as control samples. The experimental research has been articulated in a preliminary study of the chemical, leaching, physical, and mechanical properties of the electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag. In addition, the outstanding benefits of steel slag were highlighted. All the mixtures with EAF steel slag have satisfied the requisites for acceptance in the road sector technical standards, thus resulting as suitable for use in the construction of road infrastructures.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of WMA Containing Re-Refined Acidic Sludge and Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin (APAO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Mansour Fakhri ◽  
Danial Arzjani ◽  
Pooyan Ayar ◽  
Maede Mottaghi ◽  
Nima Arzjani
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Alpha Olefin

The use of waste materials has been increasingly conceived as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in the road construction industry, as concerns have arisen from the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources in recent years. Re-refined acidic sludge (RAS) obtained from a waste material—acidic sludge—is an alternative source for bitumen. This study’s primary purpose is to evaluate the resistance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing RAS and a polymeric additive against moisture damage and rutting. The modified bitumen studied in this research is a mixture of virgin bitumen 60/70, RAS (10, 20, and 30%), and amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) polymer. To this end, Marshall test, moisture susceptibility tests (i.e., tensile strength ratio (TSR), residual Marshall, and Texas boiling water), resilient modulus, and rutting assessment tests (i.e., dynamic creep, Marshall quotient, and Kim) were carried out. The results showed superior values for modified mixtures compared to the control mix considering the Marshall test. Moreover, the probability of a reduction in mixes’ moisture damage was proved by moisture sensitivity tests. The results showed that modified mixtures could improve asphalt mixtures’ permanent deformation resistance and its resilience modulus. Asphalt mixtures containing 20% RAS (substitute for bitumen) showed a better performance in all the experiments among the samples tested.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Coarse Steel Slag Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3708
Author(s):  
Adham Mohammed Alnadish ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Aman ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Production Temperature

The major goal of sustainable practices is to preserve raw resources through the utilization of waste materials as an alternative to natural resources. Decreasing the temperature required to produce asphalt mixes contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing energy consumption and toxic emissions. In this study, warm mix asphalt incorporating coarse steel slag aggregates was investigated. Warm mix asphalt was produced at different temperatures lower than the control asphalt mixes (hot mix asphalt) by 10, 20, and 30 °C. The performances of the control and warm mix asphalt were assessed through laboratory tests examining stiffness modulus, dynamic creep, and moisture sensitivity. Furthermore, a response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted by means of DESIGN EXPERT 11 to develop prediction models for the performance of warm mix asphalt. The findings of this study illustrate that producing warm mix asphalt at a temperature 10 °C lower than that of hot mix asphalt exhibited the best results, compared to the other mixes. Additionally, the warm mix asphalt produced at 30 °C lower than the hot mix asphalt exhibited comparable performance to the hot mix asphalt. However, as the production temperature increases, the performance of the warm mix asphalt improves.

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