scholarly journals Risk Factors at Birth for Permanent Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and Associated Osseous Deformities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul K. Nath ◽  
Nirupama Kumar ◽  
Meera B. Avila ◽  
Devin K. Nath ◽  
Sonya E. Melcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

Purpose. To examine the most prevalent risk factors found in patients with permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) to identify better predictors of injury. Methods. A population-based study was performed on 241 OBPI patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute. Results. Shoulder dystocia (97%) was the most prevalent risk factor. We found that 80% of the patients in this study were not macrosomic, and 43% weighed less than 4000 g at birth. The rate of instrument use was 41% , which is 4-fold higher than the 10% predicted for all vaginal deliveries in the United States. Posterior subluxation and glenoid version measurements in children with no finger movement at birth indicated a less severe shoulder deformity in comparison with those with finger movement. Conclusions. The average birth weight in this study was indistinguishable from the average birth weight reported for all brachial plexus injuries. Higher birth weight does not, therefore, affect the prognosis of brachial plexus injury. We found forceps/vacuum delivery to be an independent risk factor for OBPI, regardless of birth weight. Permanently injured patients with finger movement at birth develop more severe bony deformities of the shoulder than patients without finger movement.

Comparing the Efficacy of Triple Nerve Transfers with Nerve Graft Reconstruction in Upper Trunk Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. O’Grady ◽  
Hollie A. Power ◽  
Jaret L. Olson ◽  
Michael J. Morhart ◽  
A. Robertson Harrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Graft Reconstruction ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

The Effects of Virtual Reality on Upper Extremity in Patients with Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Ezgi Karas ◽  
Emine Atıcı ◽  
Gamze Aydın ◽  
Mert Demirsöz
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effects of playing Nintendo Wii games on upper extremity functions compared with conventional physiotherapy, in children with obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI). Twenty-two patients with brachial plexus injuries were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups by simple randomization. The control group (conventional physiotherapy group [CTG]: n = 11) received conventional physiotherapy for 6 weeks (40 minutes per day, for 4 days per week). The study group, called Nintendo Wii group (NWG; n = 11), received conventional physiotherapy as well as tennis, baseball, and boxing games with Nintendo Wii on days when there was no physical therapy. The upper extremity range of motion (ROM) was evaluated using a digital goniometer, motor function was assessed using the Active Movement Scale (AMS), and shoulder functions were assessed with the Mallet Scoring System (MSS). Virtual reality treatment had a positive effect on shoulder flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion, ROM, and functionality (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation in the CTG (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the MSS values of either groups (p > 0.05). As per the AMS, in the NWG, the shoulder internal rotation increased significantly (p < 0.05). Nintendo Wii treatment used in addition to conventional physiotherapy may be effective in increasing upper extremity functions in children with OBPI. Clinical Trials Number NCT04605601.

scholarly journals Bilateral obstetric brachial plexus injury: A case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Kamila Okulczyk ◽  
Bożena Okurowska-Zawada ◽  
Janusz Wojtkowski ◽  
Anna Kalinowska ◽  
Anna Mirska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

Brachial plexus injury in the child

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
Robert Bains ◽  
Simon Kay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Root Avulsion ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Previous Child ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Ligamentous Attachment

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) was first described by the Scottish obstetrician William Smellie in 1779 who described, in a newborn, a case of unilateral arm paralysis which rapidly recovered. He attributed this palsy to compression of the axillary nerve against the humerus, probably wrongly in light of subsequent knowledge. The main risk factor for OBPP is high birth weight (>4000 g) and intrapartum shoulder dystocia causing traction on the brachial plexus. It has been demonstrated in cadaveric models that traction on the arm with the neck laterally flexed in the opposite direction causes rupture or avulsion of the brachial plexus. Upper roots are more likely to rupture due to strong ligamentous attachment to the spine whereas the lower roots are more likely to be avulsed. For unknown reasons, however, in the rare circumstance of small babies born breech, upper root avulsion is common. Other risk factors for OBPP include a previous child affected, prolonged labour, instrumented delivery, and multiparity, although each of these may be a surrogate for large birth weight.

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