scholarly journals Investigating Peer Instruction: How the Initial Voting Session Affects Students' Experiences of Group Discussion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil L. Nielsen ◽  
Gabrielle Hansen-Nygård ◽  
John B. Stav
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Peer Instruction ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Clear Majority

Peer Instruction is a popular method of implementation when using Student Response Systems (SRS) in classroom teaching. The students engage in peer discussion to solve conceptual multiple choice problems. Before discussion, students are given time to think and give individual responses with a voting device. In this paper, we investigate how this initial voting session affects students’ experiences of the following discussion. The data is based on student interviews which were analyzed using analytical tools from grounded theory. The students emphasize the individual thinking period as crucial for constructing explanations, argumentation, and participation during discussions, and hence for facilitating learning. However, displaying the results from the initial vote can be devastating for the quality of the discussions, especially when there is a clear majority for a specific alternative. These findings are discussed in light of recent quantitative studies on Peer Instruction.

scholarly journals Clickers, Best Uses and Benefits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Renato Herrera Hernández
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Student Response System ◽  
Student Response Systems ◽  
Response System ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Engaging Student

<p>This study provides an analysis of the use student response systems in undergraduate and postgraduate classrooms. Research was conducted utilising a qualitative analysis approach, grounding theories by reviewing related literature, interviewing lecturers and conducting class observation. The study was carried out over two consecutive trimesters, summer 2010 and first trimester of 2011, at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. By conducting this research it is hoped to help improving the quality of teaching. Within this study, it was determined that student response systems are useful for both engaging student and increasing their overall enjoyment of the class. The benefit of using student response systems in the classroom was also found to be dependent on preserving the novelty of the technology and keeping students’ responses anonymous, by redesigning lecturers to have proper student response system questions in order to make the most out of the technology. Overall, this study determined that the decision whether or not to utilise student response systems in the classroom should be made based on the level of education of the class and its objectives, whether it is a lecture, tutorial or seminar, with clickers working best in large size, undergraduate classrooms.</p>

An analysis of tools to assess the effectiveness of government development programmes at the meso-level

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204-1230
Author(s):  
Boris G. PREOBRAZHENSKII
Keyword(s):  
Economic Systems ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Implementation Management ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
State Regional

Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of government-sponsored schemes. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the use of tools to assess the effectiveness of public programmes in the management of regional development and assess the preference for the use of certain analytical tools. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, and the systems, logical and structural, and descriptive approaches. Results. The article classifies the prerequisites for monitoring the implementation of public programmes, performs a content analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of State (regional) programmes, and presents an interpretation of the results of their comparison. Conclusions. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of programme implementation management should correspond to the development goals of the modern management paradigm; when evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of programme implementation, it is necessary to take into account the individual nature of meso-economic systems. Adjusting the trajectory of programme implementation involves taking into account the principle of derivation when making preventive decisions at different levels of the management hierarchy.

scholarly journals Using Mobile Touch Devices to Provide Flexible Classroom Assessment Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Séamus C. McLoone ◽  
Rudi Villing ◽  
Simon O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Assessment ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Current State ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Touch Devices ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

Classroom assessment techniques (CATs) are ungraded activities in a classroom setting that provide feedback to the teacher and to the students themselves, on the current state of student learning and understanding, which can subsequently drive corrective actions where necessary. Student response systems (SRSs) provide a technological solution for CATs whereby students can respond anonymously and instructors can provide instant feedback. However, existing systems have tended to suffer from constrained input, limiting the quality of the student responses. In particular, existing SRSs typically only employ well known form based input metaphors such as the multiple-choice selection and text-box input. These input types are not well suited to responses that require significant graphic or symbolic elements such as equations, circuit diagrams, and other drawings. These SRSs also have logistical issues in relation to portability and ownership of the equipment. In this paper, the authors present an SRS designed from the ground up to support CATs with freeform input to fulfil the needs of the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) classroom, though the solution is applicable to any learning environment in which freeform input is valuable. To mitigate logistical issues, the solution employs touch based Android tablets and smart phones commonly owned by students and a freely downloadable student app. This paper details the design of teacher and student interaction, including instructor preparation prior to class. The authors also examine some of the issues surrounding freeform graphic and symbolic input on a range of device form factors and the particular solutions that they found effective. A summary of their ongoing evaluation of this system is also outlined within.

scholarly journals Selected Factors Determining the Adoption and Use of Participatory Budgeting in Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-255
Author(s):  
Daniel Klimovský ◽  
Veronica Junjan ◽  
Juraj Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clear Majority

This is a summary article of the SJPS thematic issue on participatory budgeting in the Central and Eastern European region. Its authors provide an overview of the diffusion of participatory budgeting, and they classify relevant countries in terms of the pace of this diffusion into four different groups: frontrunners, early majority, later majority, and lagging adopters. In addition, they uncover various diffusion mechanisms that have been used. Since the research articles included in this thematic issue unpack various factors that influence the diffusion of the innovative practice of participatory budgeting in the specific settings of Central and Eastern Europe, the main goal of this article is to sum up their crucial findings and formulate several conclusions, including a few avenues for further research. A clear majority of countries in the region have already collected a relevant amount of experience with the adoption and further use of participatory budgeting. An analysis of the individual experiences reveals that the position and characteristics of mayors, organizational resources, and available capacities, as well as the quality of public trust, are likely to be important factors that determine the adoption and use of participatory budgeting in the region.

scholarly journals New analytical tools and frameworks to understand dementia: what can a human rights lens offer?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suzanne Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract The biomedical model has traditionally informed the dominant discourse on dementia and has significantly shaped practitioners’, policy makers’ and researchers’ responses. This model contextualises dementia as a progressive neuro-degenerative cognitive disorder and focuses on deficits and underlying pathology, often overlooking the fact that the person can and should be an active partner in the treatment process. Beginning in the late 1990s, the exclusive reliance on the bio-medical model has come under increasing scrutiny with a growing awareness that by recasting dementia in broader social and more humanitarian terms, much can be done to promote the individual's quality of life. Different frameworks and analytical tools have been forwarded to help us better understand dementia. These include personhood, citizenship, public health, disability and human rights. This review examines the merits of framing dementia as a disability, a citizenship concern and a human rights issue. It highlights some of the potential gains that can arise for the individual in using a human rights model to enhance practice, inform policy and create a more balanced research agenda. The article concludes by arguing that the complexities and magnitude of dementia are such that it requires multiple responses and a broad range of interpretative frameworks.

scholarly journals Pengujian Efek Resensi Dan Primasi Pada Informasi Audit Seri Panjang Dan Metode Mitigasinya Dengan Diskusi Kelompok

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Christina Rambing ◽  
Intiyas Utami ◽  
Ika Kristianti
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Positive Sequence ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simultaneous Representation ◽  
Audit Information

This study aims to test the order effect on the long series audit information and provide the form of mitigation by using group discussion so as to improve the quality of the decision. Order effects consist of reviews and primacy effects. A reviewer effect is a bias that occurs when an individual weighs the final received information larger for the overall information received. While the effect of primacy is a bias that occurs when individuals weigh greater initial information. Therefore, it is necessary to give a method so that the individual can consider the whole information for decision making which in this research use group discussion. This research uses 2x2x2 experimental design within subject with 81 participants from undergraduate accounting students.The results show that: (i) in the sequential ordering pattern for positive positive or negative positive sequence of positive information, the quality of individual decisions after group discussion is better than before the group discussion, (ii) the mitigation process does not occur in the simultaneous presentation pattern Positive positive or negative negative information sequence, (iii) sequential representation pattern more mitigated than simultaneous representation pattern.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Library Instruction: Do Student Response Systems (Clickers) Enhance Learning?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Buhay ◽  
Lisa A Best ◽  
Katherine McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Library Instruction ◽  
Student Response Systems ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Personal Response Systems ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
The Individual

In the present study, we were interested in determining if library instruction would be more effective if personal response systems (clickers) were used during instruction. Furthermore we were interested in examining if students in a class could benefit from clicker technology even if they did not have access to a personal clicker. To examine these issues, we conducted 3 library instruction sessions: Session 1-half of the students were randomly assigned a clicker; Session 2-all students had individual clickers; and Session 3-clickers were not used. Although half of the students in Session 1 did not have clickers, they were presented with all of the information, were aware of the clicker questions, and were presented with the graphs of responses. Students in all 3 sessions completed a pretest and posttest and difference scores were calculated such that positive numbers indicated higher scores. Overall, scores were significantly higher for students who had access to clickers. A comparison of specific clicker use showed that both the individual and group clicker sessions led to significantly higher difference scores. Results indicated that the benefits of clickers are not limited to individual access and group clicker use was as effective. Overall, these results confirm research supporting the integration of technology into classroom instruction. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à déterminer si la formation en recherche documentaire était plus efficace lorsqu’on utilisait des systèmes de réponse personnelle (télévoteur). De plus, nous voulions savoir si les étudiants en classe profiteraient de cette technologie même s’ils n’avaient pas accès à un télévoteur individuel. Pour ce faire, nous avons organisé trois séances de formation en recherche documentaire. Pendant la première, nous avons distribué un télévoteur à la moitié des étudiants choisis au hasard. Pendant la deuxième séance, chaque étudiant disposait d’un télévoteur. Au cours de la troisième séance, aucun d’entre eux n’a utilisé cet appareil. Même si la moitié des étudiants n’avaient pas de télévoteur au cours de la première séance, ils ont reçu toute l’information, ils connaissaient les questions auxquelles il fallait répondre avec le télévoteur et les chercheurs leur ont présenté les graphiques des réponses. Tous les étudiants ont passé un prétest et un post-test et les différences de résultats ont été calculées afin que les chiffres positifs indiquent des résultats plus élevés. Dans l’ensemble, les étudiants qui avaient accès au télévoteur ont obtenu des résultats significativement plus élevés que les autres. La comparaison de l’utilisation spécifique du télévoteur a montré que les séances en groupe et individuelles au cours desquelles les étudiants utilisaient cet appareil entraînaient une différence significativement plus élevée en ce qui a trait aux résultats obtenus. Les résultats indiquent que les avantages du télévoteur ne se limitent pas à l’accès individuel et que l’utilisation de ce dispositif en groupe était aussi efficace. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats confirment la recherche qui appuie l’intégration de la technologie dans l’enseignement en classe.

scholarly journals Opportunity and Challenges of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Production in Sindhuli and Ramechhap Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Acharya ◽  
Hari Krishna Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
General Information ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Household survey and focus group discussion (FGD) were carried out in year 2017/18 in Sindhuli and Ramechhap districts in order to identify scope and constraints for better sweet orange production. A semi-structured questionnaire acquiring household and orchard information, production, post-harvest operation as well as marketing situation was administered in the survey of 60 and 62 households in Sindhuli and Ramechhap, respectively. Prior to household survey, a FGD was carried out in each site of Sindhuli and Ramechhap to collect general information and cross check the individual response. Poor orchard management, lack of irrigation, infestation of a number of insects including fruit fly, infection of a number of diseases as well as lack of financial facilities were reported as key constraints to grow sweet orange industries in these districts. The yield of sweet orange was found less than national average yield in both survey sites. Various measures to increase production and to improve post-harvest quality of fruits have been suggested based on situation analysis.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

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