scholarly journals Interaction of Ethanol Vapour with Silane-Modified Surface of Corning Porous Glass CPG-10

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Misael Silas Nadiye-Tabbiruka
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Porous Glass ◽  
Capillary Condensation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ethanol Vapour ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Similar Dependence ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Ethanol Adsorption

The interaction of ethanol vapour at 293 K with modified Corning controlled porous glass (CPG-10) samples of various pre-silylation is reported. Ethanol adsorption on CPG-10 was greatly reduced by silylation to extents largely depending on the silylation extent, type of silane used, and on the concentration and accessibility of residual silanols. The obtained adsorption isotherms, BET surface areas, as well as the observed changes at the various stages during the sorption particularly in the capillary condensation region also showed similar dependence. In the capillary condensation region, in the case of the dimethyl dichlorosilane-modified sample, hysteresis type was changed from H3 to H1. On the triethyl chlorosilane-modified sample an unexpected suppression of hysteresis effects occurred with a consequent transformation of type IV to type II adsorption isotherm.

THE PORE STRUCTURE AND ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME ACTIVATED CHARCOALS: I. THE ADSORPTION OF WATER VAPOUR AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON PORE SIZE

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (4) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Fineman ◽  
R. M. Guest ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Capillary Condensation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

An examination of the influence of the structure of charcoal adsorbents on the form of the water adsorption isotherm has been attempted by determinations of (1) surface areas of a series of charcoals of varying degrees of activation using nitrogen and butane as adsorbates; (2) total pore volume of each adsorbent sample by density measurements in helium and in mercury; (3) density of adsorbents when immersed in water; (4) adsorption isotherms for water vapour; and (5) surface areas of charcoals partly saturated with water vapour.The evidence appears to suggest that certain very small and certain very large voids in charcoal are not occupied by water vapour at any value of the relative pressure. The former, 10% by volume, are important in terms of surface area; the latter, 30% by volume, influence pore volume calculations. An explanation of the shape of the water adsorption isotherm is attempted in the light of these facts. Estimates of the submicro, micro, and macro pore sizes show fair agreement when these are based upon either the capillary condensation theory or measurements of the total area and volume of the charcoal pores.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

The distribution and density of ciliary tufts on the siphons of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
Wen-lung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Inhalant Siphon ◽  
Type V

The mantle of bivalves has come entirely to enclose the laterally compressed body and the mantle margin has assumed a variety of functions, one of the pricipal ones being sensory. Ciliary tufts, which are probably sensory, have been reported from the mantle and siphons of several bivalves1∽4. Certain regions of the mantle margin are likely to be more or less, sensitive to certain stimuli than others. The inhalant siphon is likely to be particularly sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli, whereas the exhalant siphon will be less sensitive to both. The distribution and density of putative sensory receptors on the in-and ex-halant siphon is compared in this paper.The excised siphons were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, the whole procedure of SEM study is recorded in Wu's thesis.Type II cilia cover the tips of tentacles, 6.13um. Type IV and type V cilia are found on the surface of tentacles. Type IV cilia are occasionally present at the tips of tentacles, 8 um long. They are the commonest type on the surface of tentacles. Type VI cilia occor in the internal surface of the inhalant siphon, but are not found on the surface of tentacles, 6.7-10um long.

General Cluster Sorption Isotherm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Buttersack
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Capillary Condensation ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Macroporous Silica ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Classical Thermodynamics

<p>Adsorption isotherms are an essential tool in chemical physics of surfaces. However, several approaches based on a different theoretical basis exist and for isotherms including capillary condensation existing approaches can fail. Here, a general isotherm equation is derived and applied to literature data both concerning type IV isotherms of argon and nitrogen in ordered mesoporous silica, and type II isotherms of disordered macroporous silica. The new isotherm covers the full range of partial pressure (10<sup>-6</sup> - 0.7). It relies firstly on the classical thermodynamics of cluster formation, secondly on a relationship defining the free energy during the increase of the cluster size. That equation replaces the Lennard-Jones potentials used in the classical density functional theory. The determination of surface areas is not possible by this isotherm because the cross-sectional area of a cluster is unknown. Based on the full description of type IV isotherms, most known isotherms are accessible by respective simplifications. </p>

scholarly journals Outcomes of one-stage reconstruction for chronic multiligament injuries of knee

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Goyal ◽  
Souvik Paul ◽  
Sushovan Banerjee ◽  
Lakshmana Das
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lysholm Score ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hamstring Tendons ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Ikdc Score

Abstract Purpose This article aims to evaluate patterns of chronic multiligament injuries and outcomes of treatment with single-stage reconstruction using autografts. Methods All patients with clinicoradiologically diagnosed multiligament knee injury (MKI) were included in this prospective observational study. As the time since injury was more than 6 weeks in all of the patients, they were categorized as having chronic MKI. Patients were assessed clinically for laxity, and the diagnosis was confirmed radiologically. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for medial collateral ligament (MCL) or posterolateral corner reconstruction in a patient with Schenck knee dislocation (KD) type III. In these cases, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were reconstructed by using the peroneus longus and contralateral hamstring tendons respectively. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for ACL reconstruction and an ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon graft was used for reconstruction of the PCL in a KD type II injury. In two cases of KD type IV injury, the lateral laxity was only grade II and was managed conservatively; the rest of the ligaments were addressed like a KD type III injury. Outcome evaluation was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity level, preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 years’ follow-up. Results A total of 27 patients of mean age 33.48 ± 9.9 years with MKI were included in the study. The patients were classified as eight KD type II, 17 KD type III, and two KD type IV. The majority of the patients had associated meniscal (59.2%) or chondral (40.7%) injuries. At the 2 years’ follow-up visit, there were significant improvements in VAS score (p = 0.0001) IKDC score (p = 0.0001), Lysholm score (p = 0.0001), and range of motion (p = 0.001). None of the patients had residual laxity on clinical examination of the knee joint at the 2 years’ follow-up. All but two of the patients went back to their previous activity level. These two patients had progressive knee arthritis and needed knee arthroplasty. Conclusion Single-stage surgical reconstruction for chronic MKI has favourable functional outcomes. Level of evidence Level IV, case series.

scholarly journals Brachial supporting structure of Spiriferida (Brachiopoda)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Yuan ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Dan Lyu ◽  
Yuanlin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Abstract The filter-feeding organ of some extinct brachiopods is supported by a skeletal apparatus called the brachidium. Although relatively well studied in Atrypida and Athyridida, the brachidial morphology is usually neglected in Spiriferida. To investigate the variations of brachidial morphology in Spiriferida, 65 species belonging to eight superfamilies were analyzed. Based on the presence/absence of the jugal processes and normal/modified primary lamellae of the spiralia, four types of brachidium are recognized. Type-I (with jugal processes) and Type-II (without jugal processes), both having normal primary lamellae, could give rise to each other by losing/re-evolving the jugal processes. Type-III, without jugal processes, originated from Type-II through evolution of the modified lateral-convex primary lamellae, and it subsequently gave rise to Type-IV by evolving the modified medial-convex primary lamellae. The evolution of brachidia within individual evolutionary lineages must be clarified because two or more types can be present within a single family. Type-III and Type-IV are closely associated with the prolongation of the crura, representing innovative modifications of the feeding apparatus in response to possible shift in the position of the mouth towards the anterior, allowing for more efficient feeding on particles entering the mantle cavity from the anterior gape. Meanwhile, the modified primary lamellae adjusted/regulated the feeding currents. The absence of spires in some taxa with Type-IV brachidium might suggest that they developed a similar lophophore to that in some extant brachiopods, which can extend out of the shell.

Aerodynamic Flow-off of Type II and Type IV Aircraft Ground Anti-icing Fluids

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Beisswenger ◽  
Guy Fortin ◽  
Jean-Louis Laforte
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iv

scholarly journals A Type II Protein Secretory Pathway Required for Levansucrase Secretion by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (15) ◽  
pp. 5031-5039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Arrieta ◽  
Mailin Sotolongo ◽  
Carmen Menéndez ◽  
Dubiel Alfonso ◽  
Luis E. Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Cosmid Library ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Geographical Regions

ABSTRACT The endophytic diazotroph Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus secretes a constitutively expressed levansucrase (LsdA, EC 2.4.1.10) to utilize plant sucrose. LsdA, unlike other extracellular levansucrases from gram-negative bacteria, is transported to the periplasm by a signal-peptide-dependent pathway. We identified an unusually organized gene cluster encoding at least the components LsdG, -O, -E, -F, -H, -I, -J, -L, -M, -N, and -D of a type II secretory system required for LsdA translocation across the outer membrane. Another open reading frame, designated lsdX, is located between the operon promoter and lsdG, but it was not identified in BLASTX searches of the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases. The lsdX, -G, and -O genes were isolated from a cosmid library of strain SRT4 by complementation of an ethyl methanesulfonate mutant unable to transport LsdA across the outer membrane. The downstream genes lsdE, -F, -H, -I, -J, -L, -M, -N, and -D were isolated through chromosomal walking. The high G+C content (64 to 74%) and the codon usage of the genes identified are consistent with the G+C content and codon usage of the standard G. diazotrophicus structural gene. Sequence analysis of the gene cluster indicated that a polycistronic transcript is synthesized. Targeted disruption of lsdG, lsdO, or lsdF blocked LsdA secretion, and the bacterium failed to grow on sucrose. Replacement of Cys162 by Gly at the C terminus of the pseudopilin LsdG abolished the protein functionality, suggesting that there is a relationship with type IV pilins. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed conservation of the type II secretion operon downstream of the levansucrase-levanase (lsdA-lsdB) locus in 14 G. diazotrophicus strains representing 11 genotypes recovered from four different host plants in diverse geographical regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a type II pathway for protein secretion in the Acetobacteraceae.

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