scholarly journals Toxicity Assessment of Expired Pesticides to Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Satyavani ◽  
G. Chandrasehar ◽  
K. Krishna Varma ◽  
A. Goparaju ◽  
S. Ayyappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Pesticide Formulation ◽  
Oecd Guideline

In order to investigate the effect of expired pesticides on the yield and growth rate of green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, a study was conducted as per the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline number 201. Fifteen expired pesticide formulations, most commonly used in Indian agriculture, were tested in comparison with their unexpired counterparts. The expired pesticide formulations studied belonged to various class and functional groups: organophosphate, pyrethroid-based insecticides; azole-based fungicides; acetamide, propionate, acetic acid-based herbicides; fungicides mixtures containing two actives—azole and dithiocarbamate. The toxicity endpoints of yield (C50: 0–72 h) and growth rate (C50: 0–72 h) of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for each pesticide formulation (both expired and unexpired pesticides) were determined statistically using TOXSTAT 3.5 version software. The results pointed out that some expired pesticide formulations exhibited higher toxicity to tested algal species, as compared to the corresponding unexpired pesticides. These data thus stress the need for greater care to dispose expired pesticides to water bodies, to avoid the effects on aquatic ecospecies tested.

scholarly journals Toxicity effect of expired pesticides to freshwater fish, Labeo rohita

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Satyavani ◽  
RA Gopi ◽  
S Ayyappan ◽  
P Balakrishnamurthy ◽  
P Neelakanta Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Oecd Guideline

We selected 15 widely used pesticide formulations to investigate possible chemical, biological and toxicological effects of expired pesticides that may enter into our ecosystem. They comprised of organophosphate and pyrethroid based insecticides, azole based fungicides, acetamide, propionate, acetic acid based herbicides, and fungicides mixtures containing two actives of azole and dithiocarbamates. The selected compounds were tested for acute toxicity to fish, Labeo rohita using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline no. 203 under static condition. Five to six concentrations (ranges from 0.005 – 80 mg/L) of both expired and unexpired pesticide formulations were tested along with controls under similar conditions at Department of Ecotoxicology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology. The results of the LC50 (Lethal Concentration)demonstrated significantly lower LC50 values for the expired pesticides as compared to the corresponding unexpired counter part. From this data, it is clear that expired pesticide formulations must be disposed carefully and, care should be taken to avoid their discharge to water bodies and thus prevent loss to fish. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 1-9 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7557  

Modeling the concentration–response function of the herbicide dinoseb on Daphnia magna (survival time, reproduction) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (growth rate)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chèvre ◽  
Alessandra R. Brazzale ◽  
Kristin Becker-van Slooten ◽  
Renata Behra ◽  
Joseph Tarradellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Time Reproduction

scholarly journals Endogenous hormonal content during grain development in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Gutam ◽  
Virendra Nath ◽  
GC Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Hormonal Content

A pot experiment was conducted in the rabi (post rainy) seasons of 2001 and 2002 to study the genotypic differences in grain growth rate and endogenous hormonal content in the developing grains of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat. The endogenous hormonal contents of grains in both the ploidy levels had changed in sequence. At 5 days after anthesis (DAA), gibberellic acid (GA3); at 15 DAA (rapid growth phase), indole-acetic acid (IAA); at 25 DAA (dough stage), abscisic acid (ABA) were maximum. At 35 DAA, all the endogenous hormonal level decreased and among the hormones, ABA was highest followed by IAA and GA3. Hexaploids recorded higher concentrations of endogenous hormones (13.38% IAA, 17.89% GA3, and 14.7% ABA) on fresh weight basis and resulted in higher seed weight (56.99 mg/grain) and grain growth rate (0.009 g/g/day) compared to tetraploids (49.08 mg/grain; 0.008 g/g/day) on dry weight basis by better mobilization of photosynthates during grain filling. Key Words: Grain growth rate, hormones, indole-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1608 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 493-502, September 2008

The Impact of Kisan Call Centers on the Farming Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Kartik Chachra ◽  
Gowtham Seelam ◽  
Harshit Singh ◽  
Mayukh Sarkar ◽  
Anshul Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Telecom Industry ◽  
The Impact

The Indian Agriculture has been an area with varied challenges. This sector is responsible for the growth rate and generating a per capita income. This sector generates a whopping 28% of the total GDP of India and over 15% of the total exports. The usage of Internet and phone technology can fill these gaps to a large extent. A continuous two way interaction among the farmers and agricultural scientists will ensure agricultural extension. A landmark step was taken on January 21, 2004 when the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, launched Kisan Call Centers (KCC) with the help of the extensive telecom industry to deliver extension services to the farming community. The main purpose of these call centers is to answer the queries raised by the farmers in their local language, on continuous basis. At present the Kisan Call Centers are running from 14 locations all over India. In this chapter, we are trying to analyze how this strategy to help the farming community was introduced and how it is being implemented.

Growth rate observation from the moss-built Checa travertine terrace, central Spain

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Weijermars ◽  
Carla W. Mulder-Blanken ◽  
Jaap Wiegers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Artificial Surfaces ◽  
Depositional Rate ◽  
Bryum Pseudotriquetrum ◽  
Time Required

AbstractIn situ observations of fossil and living specimens of the calcicolous mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Cratoneuron commutatum and Catoscopium nigritum revealed very fast calcite depositional rates. Rhythmic layering in the fossil mosses corresponding with the seasonal climatic cycle suggests that the moss curtain occupied by these three mosses maintains the deposition of spongeous travertine layers at a mean rate of 4 cm a−1. A mean depositional rate of 4.2 cm a−1 may be calculated from measurements of the loss of bicarbonate from the springwater after it percolated through the moss curtain. These rates suggest that the 8 m high travertine terrace of Checa with a surface area of 800 m2 did not exist two millennia ago.Mosses could be put to man's use for creating natural overgrowths on artificial surfaces, an idea based on an allusion by Wallner. He observed that the thread-forming, blue-green algae Vaucheria builds travertine deposits at an annual rate of 0.7–1.4 cm. We observed that the mosses Cratoneuron commutatum and Bryum pseudotriquetrum may form spongeous travertine layers at respective maximum rates of 11 and 14 cm a−1. This would reduce the time required to build natural overgrowths on artificial objects to a practical period of months.

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