scholarly journals A Review of Additive Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaufui V. Wong ◽  
Aldo Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Made In

Additive manufacturing processes take the information from a computer-aided design (CAD) file that is later converted to a stereolithography (STL) file. In this process, the drawing made in the CAD software is approximated by triangles and sliced containing the information of each layer that is going to be printed. There is a discussion of the relevant additive manufacturing processes and their applications. The aerospace industry employs them because of the possibility of manufacturing lighter structures to reduce weight. Additive manufacturing is transforming the practice of medicine and making work easier for architects. In 2004, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers did a classification of the various technologies and there are at least four additional significant technologies in 2012. Studies are reviewed which were about the strength of products made in additive manufacturing processes. However, there is still a lot of work and research to be accomplished before additive manufacturing technologies become standard in the manufacturing industry because not every commonly used manufacturing material can be handled. The accuracy needs improvement to eliminate the necessity of a finishing process. The continuous and increasing growth experienced since the early days and the successful results up to the present time allow for optimism that additive manufacturing has a significant place in the future of manufacturing.

Increasing Part Accuracy in Additive Manufacturing Processes Using a k-d Tree Based Clustered Adaptive Layering

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Panhalkar ◽  
Ratnadeep Paul ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Adaptive Slicing ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Standard File Format ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Profile Errors

Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely used in aerospace, automobile, and medical industries for building highly accurate parts using a layer by layer approach. The stereolithography (STL) file is the standard file format used in AM machines and approximates the three-dimensional (3D) model of parts using planar triangles. However, as the STL file is an approximation of the actual computer aided design (CAD) surface, the geometric errors in the final manufactured parts are pronounced, particularly in those parts with highly curved surfaces. If the part is built with the minimum uniform layer thickness allowed by the AM machine, the manufactured part will typically have the best quality, but this will also result in a considerable increase in build time. Therefore, as a compromise, the part can be built with variable layer thicknesses, i.e., using an adaptive layering technique, which will reduce the part build time while still reducing the part errors and satisfying the geometric tolerance callouts on the part. This paper describes a new approach of determining the variable slices using a 3D k-d tree method. The paper validates the proposed k-d tree based adaptive layering approach for three test parts and documents the results by comparing the volumetric, cylindricity, sphericity, and profile errors obtained from this approach with those obtained using a uniform slicing method. Since current AM machines are incapable of handling adaptive slicing approach directly, a “pseudo” grouped adaptive layering approach is also proposed here. This “clustered slicing” technique will enable the fabrication of a part in bands of varying slice thicknesses with each band having clusters of uniform slice thicknesses. The proposed k-d tree based adaptive slicing approach along with clustered slicing has been validated with simulations of the test parts of different shapes.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

Additive Manufacturing Distortion Compensation Based on Scan Data of Built Geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McConaha ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Distortion Compensation ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Part Distortion ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Am Processes

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) are highly attractive manufacturing processes due to the ability to create certain geometries which would be prohibitive or even impossible to manufacture by other means. However, with such high thermal gradients which are usually present in these processes, manufacturing distortions may result in the creation of unacceptable parts. This paper presents an approach to compensate input STL files based on registration of the point cloud from sacrificial part builds. A novel strain energy based non-rigid registration algorithm has been developed for robust registration of data points to the original computer-aided design (CAD) model. A neural network based approach is used to learn the deformation of the geometry based on the deviation of the scan geometry. This network is subsequently used to modify the STL file to generate a new compensated STL file. The compensated STL file was validated by building parts and comparing the change in the part distortion.

Impact of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies on Productivity of Indian Small & Medium Manufacturing Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Divanshu Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) is becoming a paronomasia in a scenario of today’s manufacturing striding towards Manufacturing 4.0 paradigm. While achieving such objectives, the initial impetus is to be given to reduce the waste arising out of motion and transportation using both hard and soft technologies by management. Right time delivery of product is also enhanced by these strategies, however the research is still lacking in such domains in local enterprises. To check the performance of various tools and strategies in manufacturing organizations, an investigative research was considered necessary using a two-step analysis viz. the organizational imperatives and the competency analysis of the tools deployed towards improvement of former. It was noted that Robotics and Computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing are being fruitfully utilized in manufacturing industry of Punjab. The analysis deployed Reliability analysis including measuring of reliability coefficient, testing of mean difference using ANOVA, descriptive testing and student t-test for the analysis of filled questionnaires. From the investigation, it emerges out that clarity in goals of AMTs is essential for every employee in the organization.

scholarly journals Challenges and Status on Design and Computation for Emerging Additive Manufacturing Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen-Shan Leung ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok ◽  
Xiangjia Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Charlie C. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

The revolution of additive manufacturing (AM) has led to many opportunities in fabricating complex and novel products. The increase of printable materials and the emergence of novel fabrication processes continuously expand the possibility of engineering systems in which product components are no longer limited to be single material, single scale, or single function. In fact, a paradigm shift is taking place in industry from geometry-centered usage to supporting functional demands. Consequently, engineers are expected to resolve a wide range of complex and difficult problems related to functional design. Although a higher degree of design freedom beyond geometry has been enabled by AM, there are only very few computational design approaches in this new AM-enabled domain to design objects with tailored properties and functions. The objectives of this review paper are to provide an overview of recent additive manufacturing developments and current computer-aided design methodologies that can be applied to multimaterial, multiscale, multiform, and multifunctional AM technologies. The difficulties encountered in the computational design approaches are summarized and the future development needs are emphasized. In the paper, some present applications and future trends related to additive manufacturing technologies are also discussed.

scholarly journals Design of Complexly Graded Structures inside Three-Dimensional Surface Models by Assigning Volumetric Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Brünler ◽  
Robert Hausmann ◽  
Maximilian von Münchow ◽  
Dilbar Aibibu ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Graded Structures

An innovative approach for designing complex structures from STL-datasets based on novel software for assigning volumetric data to surface models is reported. The software allows realizing unique complex structures using additive manufacturing technologies. Geometric data as obtained from imaging methods, computer-aided design, or reverse engineering that exist only in the form of surface data are converted into volumetric elements (voxels). Arbitrary machine data can be assigned to each voxel and thereby enable implementing different materials, material morphologies, colors, porosities, etc. within given geometries. The software features an easy-to-use graphical user interface and allows simple implementation of machine data libraries. To highlight the potential of the modular designed software, an extrusion-based process as well as a two-tier additive manufacturing approach for short fibers and binder process are combined to generate three-dimensional components with complex grading on the material and structural level from STL files.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood ◽  
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Digital Workflow to Fabricate Complete Dentures for Edentulous Patients Using a Reversing and Superimposing Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5786
Author(s):  
Hwa-Jung Lee ◽  
Jeongho Jeon ◽  
Hong Seok Moon ◽  
Kyung Chul Oh
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Digital Workflow ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Aided Design

This technical procedure demonstrates a 4-step completely digital workflow for the fabrication of complete dentures in edentulous patients. The digital scan data of the edentulous arches were obtained using an intraoral scanner, followed by the fabrication of modeless trial denture bases using additive manufacturing. Using the trial denture base and a wax rim assembly, the interarch relationship was recorded. This record was digitized using an intraoral scanner and reversed for each maxillary and mandibular section individually. The digital scan data directly obtained using the intraoral scanner were superimposed over the reversed data, establishing a proper interarch relationship. The artificial teeth were arranged virtually and try-in dentures were additively manufactured. Subsequently, the gingival and tooth sections were additively manufactured individually and characterized. Thus, fabrication of digital complete dentures can be accomplished using digital data characteristics. The workflow includes data acquisition using an intraoral scanner, data processing using reverse engineering and computer-aided design software programs, and additive manufacturing.

Animal orthosis fabrication with additive manufacturing – a case study of custom orthosis for chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Maria Wojnarowska ◽  
Jakub Najowicz ◽  
Tomasz Piecuch ◽  
Michał Sochacki ◽  
Dawid Pijanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose Chicken orthoses that cover the ankle joint area are not commercially available. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a customised temporary Ankle–Foot Orthosis (AFO) for a chicken with a twisted ankle using computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The secondary objective of the paper is to present the specific application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in veterinary medicine. Design/methodology/approach The design process was based on multiple sketches, photos and measurements that were provided by the owner of the animal. The 3D model of the orthosis was made with Autodesk Fusion 360, while the prototype was fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Evaluation of the AFO was performed using the finite element method. Findings The work resulted in a functional 3D printed AFO for chicken. It was found that the orthosis made with AM provides satisfactory stiffen and a good fit. It was concluded that AM is suitable for custom bird AFO fabrication and, in some respects, is superior to traditional manufacturing methods. It was also concluded that the presented procedure can be applied in other veterinary cases and to other animal species and other parts of their body. AM provides veterinary with a powerful tool for the production of well-fitted and durable orthoses for animals. Research limitations/implications The study does not include the chicken's opinion on the comfort or fit of the manufactured AFO due to communication issues. Evaluation of the final prototype was done by the researchers and the animal owner. Originality/value No evidence was found in the literature on the use of AM for chicken orthosis, so this study is the first to describe such an application of AM. In addition, the study demonstrates the value of AM in veterinary medicine, especially in the production of devices such as orthoses.

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