scholarly journals Integral Proteins in Plant Oil Bodies

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. C. Tzen
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Oil Body ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Primitive Species ◽  
Integral Proteins

Hydrophobic storage neutral lipids are stably preserved in specialized organelles termed oil bodies in the aqueous cytosolic compartment of plant cells via encapsulation with surfactant molecules including phospholipids and integral proteins. To date, three classes of integral proteins, termed oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin, have been identified in oil bodies of angiosperm seeds. Proposed structures, targeting traffic routes, and biological functions of these three integral oil-body proteins were summarized and discussed. In the viewpoint of evolution, isoforms of oleosin and caleosin are found in oil bodies of pollens as well as those of more primitive species; moreover, caleosin- and steroleosin-like proteins are also present in other subcellular locations besides oil bodies. Technically, artificial oil bodies of structural stability similar to native ones were successfully constituted and seemed to serve as a useful tool for both basic research studies and biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Engineering: Special Issue on Nucleic Acid Conjugates for Biotechnological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3594
Author(s):  
Tamaki Endoh ◽  
Eriks Rozners ◽  
Takashi Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Primary Sequence ◽  
Special Issue

Nucleic acids not only store genetic information in their primary sequence but also exhibit biological functions through the formation of their unique structures [...]

scholarly journals Recent developments and prospects in the composition, extraction, stability, delivery system, digestion and food applications of plant oil bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hao ◽  
Duoxia Xu ◽  
Yangping Cao
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Electrostatic Deposition ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
The Stability

Oil bodies (OBs) are micron- or submicron-sized sub-organelles widely found in plants seeds and nuts. The structure OBs is composed of a core of triglycerides covered by a phospholipid-protein layer, which ensures the stability of the OBs under extreme environmental conditions and further protects core lipids as energy reserves. As naturally pre-emulsified oil-in-water emulsions, OBs have been gradually applied to replace synthetically engineered oil droplets. In this paper, the recent research on the composition, extraction, stability, delivery system, digestion, food applications and future perspectives of plant OBs are reviewed. Recent studies have focused on the OBs surface protein identification and function, large-scale extraction techniques such as enzyme assisted, high pressure, ultrasound, and extrusion and the reconstituted OBs. Electrostatic deposition of polysaccharides significantly improves the stability of OBs emulsions. OBs emulsions have promising applications to encapsulate bioactive compounds, deliver targeted drugs, and prepare gels and edible functional films. The digestive behavior of OBs emulsions is similar to that of protein-stabilized emulsions, which can increase the satiety, effectively help reduce calorie intake and improve the bioavailability of functional factors. It has also promoted the development of simulated dairy, spices and meat products.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of the Acid Lipase from Castor Beans

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (44) ◽  
pp. 45540-45545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Eastmond
Keyword(s):  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Oil Body ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Serine Esterase ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Acid Lipase ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

Castor bean endosperm contains a well known acid lipase activity that is associated with the oil body membrane. In order to identify this enzyme, proteomic analysis was performed on purified oil bodies. A ∼60-kDa protein was identified (RcOBL1), which shares homology with a lipase from the filamentous fungusRhizomucor miehei. RcOBL1 contains features that are characteristic of an α/β-hydrolase, such as a putative catalytic triad (SDH) and a conserved pentapeptide (GXSXG) surrounding the nucleophilic serine residue. RcOBL1 was expressed heterologously inEscherichia coliand shown to hydrolyze triolein at an acid pH (optima ∼4.5). RcOBL1 can hydrolyze a range of triacylglycerols but is not active on phospholipids. The activity is sensitive to the serine reagent diethylp-nitrophenyl phosphate, indicating that RcOBL1 is a serine esterase. Antibodies raised against RcOBL1 were used to show that the protein is restricted to the endosperm where it is associated with the surface of oil bodies. This is the first evidence for the molecular identity of an oil body-associated lipase from plants. Sequence comparisons reveal that families of OBL1-like proteins are present in many species, and it is likely that they play an important role in regulating lipolysis.

scholarly journals Targeting lysosomes in human disease: from basic research to clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdie Cao ◽  
Xiangyuan Luo ◽  
Kongming Wu ◽  
Xingxing He
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Lysosomal Acidification

AbstractIn recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases. In this review, we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas: cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cell death. More importantly, we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases, the causes of these changes and dysfunction, and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease. Furthermore, we outlined currently available targeting strategies: (1) targeting lysosomal acidification; (2) targeting lysosomal cathepsins; (3) targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity; (4) targeting lysosomal calcium signaling; (5) targeting mTOR signaling; and (6) emerging potential targeting strategies. Moreover, we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials. By integrating basic research with clinical findings, we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.

scholarly journals Label-free in situ imaging of oil body dynamics and chemistry in germination

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (123) ◽  
pp. 20160677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Waschatko ◽  
Nils Billecke ◽  
Sascha Schwendy ◽  
Henriette Jaurich ◽  
Mischa Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Composition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil Body ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Lipid Dynamics ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Body Location ◽  
Coherent Raman

Plant oleosomes are uniquely emulsified lipid reservoirs that serve as the primary energy source during seed germination. These oil bodies undergo significant changes regarding their size, composition and structure during normal seedling development; however, a detailed characterization of these oil body dynamics, which critically affect oil body extractability and nutritional value, has remained challenging because of a limited ability to monitor oil body location and composition during germination in situ . Here, we demonstrate via in situ , label-free imaging that oil bodies are highly dynamic intracellular organelles that are morphologically and biochemically remodelled extensively during germination. Label-free, coherent Raman microscopy (CRM) combined with bulk biochemical measurements revealed the temporal and spatial regulation of oil bodies in native soya bean cotyledons during the first eight days of germination. Oil bodies undergo a cycle of growth and shrinkage that is paralleled by lipid and protein compositional changes. Specifically, the total protein concentration associated with oil bodies increases in the first phase of germination and subsequently decreases. Lipids contained within the oil bodies change in saturation and chain length during germination. Our results show that CRM is a well-suited platform to monitor in situ lipid dynamics and local chemistry and that oil bodies are actively remodelled during germination. This underscores the dynamic role of lipid reservoirs in plant development.

scholarly journals Heterologous expression of AtClo1, a plant oil body protein, induces lipid accumulation in yeast

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Froissard ◽  
Sabine D'andréa ◽  
Céline Boulard ◽  
Thierry Chardot
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Oil Body ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Body Protein

The structure and biogenesis of plant oil bodies: the role of the ER membrane and the oleosin class of proteins

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathan A. Napier ◽  
A. Keith Stobart ◽  
Peter R. Shewry
Keyword(s):  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Er Membrane
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