scholarly journals A New Approach to Dyeing of 80 : 20 Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric Using Disperse and Reactive Dyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Muralidharan ◽  
S. Laya
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Dyeing Method

Polyester/Cotton blended fabrics are normally dyed by two-bath or one-bath two-step dyeing method. This paper deals with a new approach involving azeotropic ternary mixture of organic solvents pretreatment to dye polyester/cotton blends using disperse and reactive dyes in one-bath method. The effect of solvent pretreatments on dyeability, fastness, and few physicochemical properties has been investigated involving SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies, and results are presented.

scholarly journals Reverse vesicles as a new system for studying enzymes in organic solvents

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sánchez-Ferrer ◽  
F García-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Optically Transparent ◽  
Reverse Vesicles ◽  
Dodecyl Ether ◽  
New System

A new approach to the study of enzyme activity in organic solvents has been developed by using optically transparent reverse vesicles. Polyphenol oxidase was incorporated in an active form into the above ternary system formed by the non-ionic surfactant tetra(ethylene glycol) dodecyl ether/n-dodecane/water. The enzyme in this microenvironment, surprisingly, showed an apparent positive co-operativity which has never before been described either in aqueous solution or in reverse micelles. In addition, the Vmax. expressed was similar to that in water and twice that displayed in reverse micelles.

Effect of Solvent and Dopant on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films by Atomic Force Microscope Lithography

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4757-4760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-il Kim ◽  
Hyunsook Kim ◽  
Haiwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Organic Thin Films ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Atomic Force

AMF anodization lithography was performed on organic thin films with conducting polymers which is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The conductivity of PEDOT thin films was changed by different dopants and organic solvents. Two different dopants are poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and di(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate. Also, DMF and IPA were used to prepare the PEDOT thin films doped with PSS and DEHS on silicon surface. The conductivities of these PEDOT variants were compared by obtaining their I–V curves between tip and thin films using AFM. Silicon oxide nanopatterns with higher aspect ratios can be obtained from the films with higher conductivity.

scholarly journals A kinetic method for the study of solvent environments of thiol groups in proteins involving the use of a pair of isomeric reactivity probes and a differential solvent effect. Investigation of the active centre of ficin by using 2,2'- and 4,4'- dipyridyl disulphides as reactivity probes

1980 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P G Malthouse ◽  
K Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Analogous Reaction ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Effect Of Solvent

1. Whereas the second-order rate constants for the reaction of the thiolate ion of 2-mercaptoethanol with 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphide (k4PDS) and with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate dianion increase with decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent, or remain unchanged, the rate constant for the analogous reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (k2PDS) decreases. This anomalous solvent effect and other unusual physicochemical properties of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide are discussed. 2. The differential effect of solvent on the reactions of thiolate ion with the 2,2'- and 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphides is shown to provide a method of characterizing solvent environments of thiol groups in proteins by a reactivity-probe method that should not suffer from the usual drawback associated with the existence of steric or binding effects of unknown magnitude. Application of the method to ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) suggests that its active-centre thiol group resides in a relatively hydrophobic environment. 3. The pH-k profile for the reaction of ficin with 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphide is reported.

The effects of addition of co-solvents on the physicochemical properties of gasoline–methanol blended fuels

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Schifter ◽  
Luis Diaz ◽  
Uriel Gonzalez ◽  
Carmen Gonzalez-Macias ◽  
Isidro Mejía-Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Reid Vapor Pressure ◽  
Blended Fuels

The scope of the work carried out is aimed to evaluate the effects of blending methanol in the gasoline pool, particularly octane number and Reid vapor pressure increase when methanol is substituting methyl-tertiary-butyl ether in the formulation of Regular and Premium base gasolines. Isopropyl alcohol and ethanol have been investigated and found to be a promising co-blending alcohol to be mixed in gasoline methanol blends. Isopropyl alcohol is most effective below 3 vol%. Ethanol has been found to be the most promising co-blending alcohol able to reduce the Reid vapor pressure increase by 1.4 psi even with concentrations in the range of 2 vol%. The addition of isopropyl alcohol to the methanol–gasoline blends has shown the ability of a ternary mixture to further reduce the Reid vapor pressure of the finished gasoline and, subject to availability and price of isopropyl alcohol, could be of interest in further formulation studies focused on maximizing the saving on finished gasoline cost by reducing the Reid vapor pressure of base gasoline and/or increasing the methanol content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document