scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma and Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab A. Issa ◽  
Mira S. Zantout ◽  
Sami T. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Cell Disorder

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematologic cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.

scholarly journals Clinical challenges: Myeloma and concomitant type 2 diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Ali ◽  
Yasar A Ahmed ◽  
Abubaker Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Cell Disorder

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.

scholarly journals Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Artur Jurczyszyn ◽  
Ruth Hutch ◽  
Anna Waszczuk-Gajda ◽  
Anna Suska ◽  
Katarzyna Krzanowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Smoldering Myeloma ◽  
Cell Disorder ◽  
Undetermined Significance

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a clonal plasma cell disorder implicated as a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM), while smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder without evidence of a myeloma-defining event(s) (MDE). This is a review article of both disorders outlining their current definition and management according to the current standard of care. We focus on the pathogenesis of MM and the role of MGUS and SMM in the development of active MM. MGUS is a benign disorder and, subsequently, is followed by observation. In contrast, for SMM, although the current standard of care is “watch and wait”, this paper will explore the circumstances in which treatment should be considered to prevent MDE.

Single Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Clonal Consistency and Differential Malignancy in Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4808-4808
Author(s):  
Shuang Geng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Mingyi Chen ◽  
Wenming Wang ◽  
Yuhong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell

Abstract Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is a minor yet devastating metastatic form of Multiple Myeloma (MM), shortening patients' survival from 10 years to 6 months on average. Genetic cause of EMP in MM is yet to be defined. Transcriptome difference between EMP+ patients and EMP- patients is studied here on single cell level by RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq). We sorted CD38+CD138+ malignant plasma cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry, then picked up single malignant plasma cell and performed single cell RNA-Seq with SmartSeq2 protocol followed by Tn5-based library preparation from bone marrow, peripheral blood and extramedullary tissue of EMP patients. From the single cell RNA-Seq results, in bone marrow we found differential gene expression between EMP+ and EMP- samples, such as CTAG2, STMN1 and RRM2. By comparing circulating malignant plasma cells in PBMC and malignant plasma cell from the sample EMP+ patient, we observed metastatic clone in blood with the same VDJ immunoglobulin heavy chain as in bone marrow. Several genes' expression of these metastatic cells are down-regulated than in bone marrow, such as PAGE2, GTSF1, DICER1. These genes may correlate with egress capability of MM cells into peripheral to become circulating plasma cells (cPCs), and EMP eventually. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A Case with Hepatic Involvement Mimicking Metastatic Disease in Multiple Myeloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mert Erciyestepe ◽  
Tarık Onur Tiryaki ◽  
İpek Yönal Hindilerden ◽  
Gülçin Yeğen ◽  
Meliha Nalçacı
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Primary Amyloidosis ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Cell Disorder

Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell disorder and can be seen in different forms. According to current knowledge, it is not a curable disease. Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic clonal plasma cell disorder and distinguished from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance by a much higher risk of progression to multiple myeloma. We present a 53-year-old female patient who started with SMM which turned into multiple myeloma after four years. Despite 26 cycles of lenalidomide treatment, we performed the second autologous stem transplantation. After 12 years from the diagnosis of the disease, it was transformed into plasma cell leukemia and widespread nodular lesions were seen in the liver. Different presentations could be seen due to malignant plasma cell infiltrations or primary amyloidosis. Liver involvement is one of them and is less common than other organ involvement. We report a case of myeloma presenting with extensive nodular involvement in the liver and misdiagnosed as metastatic disease. It is important because of its rarity and change of the treatment approach.

scholarly journals 2021 European Myeloma Network review and consensus statement on smoldering multiple myeloma: how to distinguish (and manage) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Haematologica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pellegrino Musto ◽  
Monika Engelhardt ◽  
Jo Caers ◽  
Niccolo’ Bolli ◽  
Martin Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Cell Disorder ◽  
International Myeloma Working Group

According to the updated International Myeloma Working Group criteria, smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic plasma cell disorder characterized by an M-component >3 g/dL, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration >10% and

Biology of the Transition of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) to Multiple Myeloma

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Lust ◽  
Kathleen A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cell Disorder ◽  
Undetermined Significance

Background Approximately 25% of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) eventually develop multiple myeloma (MM) or a related plasma cell disorder that is universally fatal. In this report, we examine the changes that occur in the clonal plasma cell that are likely to be important in the progression of MGUS to active myeloma. Methods Studies that investigate the mechanisms involved in the multistep pathogenesis of monoclonal gammopathies are reviewed. Cytokines such as IL- 6 and IL-1β, adhesion molecules, viruses, and oncogenes including ras, bcl-2, Rb, and p53 are discussed. Results IL-1β is produced by plasma cells from virtually all MM patients but is undetectable in most MGUS patients. IL-1β has potent osteoclast activating factor activity, can increase the expression of adhesion molecules, and can induce paracrine IL-6 production. The increased production of adhesion molecules could explain why myeloma cells are found predominantly in the bone marrow. Subsequently, these “fixed” monoclonal plasma cells could now stimulate osteoclasts through the production of IL-1β and paracrine generation of IL-6 resulting in osteolytic disease. With continued progression of the myeloma, the monoclonal plasma cells may later acquire the ability to produce IL-6 in an autocrine fashion that will be manifested clinically by an elevated labeling index. Conclusions A better understanding of the progression of MGUS to myeloma may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of MM.

scholarly journals Interleukin 3 and interleukin 6 synergistically promote the proliferation and differentiation of malignant plasma cell precursors in multiple myeloma.

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bergui ◽  
M Schena ◽  
G Gaidano ◽  
M Riva ◽  
F Caligaris-Cappio
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

PBMC from 11 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were cultured in vitro in presence of IL-3 and IL-6. After 3 d, actively proliferating immunoblast-like B cells (20-62%) were apparent. After 6 d, a population of morphologically evident plasma cells was observed (30-50%) that expressed, in each individual case, the same light and heavy chain produced by bone marrow malignant plasma cells. We conclude that in MM the malignant plasma cell precursors are circulating and their growth and terminal differentiation are under the synergistic control of IL-3 and IL-6.

Plasma cell myeloma and related monoclonal gammopathies

2020 ◽  
pp. 5310-5324
Author(s):  
S. Vincent Rajkumar ◽  
Robert A. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Plasma Cell Myeloma ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathies ◽  
Bone Marrow Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltration ◽  
Cell Disorder

The monoclonal gammopathies, also referred to as paraproteinaemias, are a group of neoplastic (or potentially neoplastic) diseases associated with the proliferation of a single clone of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by a serum monoclonal (M)-protein level less than 30 g/litre, less than 10% of monoclonal bone marrow plasma cells, and no evidence of hypercalcaemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia, or bone lesions related to the plasma cell proliferative process, and no evidence of any other myeloma-defining events. Observation is the standard of care. Plasma cell myeloma is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that accounts for about 10% of haematological cancers. The cause is unknown. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of bone marrow plasma cells reveals specific primary translocations or trisomies in more than 90% of patients. The presence of del 17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), and t(14;20) occur in 20 to 25% of patients, and indicate higher-risk disease. Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia (WM) is characterized by the presence of an IgM M-protein, 10% or more lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow, and symptoms such as anaemia, lymphadenopathy, and hyperviscosity. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, is used as initial therapy in conjunction with other active drugs. Ibrutinib is a new agent that is highly active against WM. The median survival is longer than 5 years. Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis is a clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by tissue deposition of fibrils consisting of monoclonal κ‎ or λ‎ light chains. Standard treatment is with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and autologous stem cell transplantation in selected patients.

scholarly journals Obstructive Jaundice as Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: Case Presentation and Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Khan ◽  
Iyad Mansour ◽  
Eric Ong ◽  
Manish Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma-cell disorder that primarily involves the bone marrow, but extramedullary involvement is becoming increasingly common (Bladé et al., 2012) both at initial presentation and follow-up. Most common initial presentations for multiple myeloma include generalized fatigue, renal insufficiency, bone pain, and recurrent bacterial infections. We present a case of a healthy 55-year-old man that presented to the emergency department with a three-week history of anorexia and jaundice without any past medical history. Patient’s initial labs were significant for hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT). Additional laboratory workup was significant for mild hypercalcemia and increased protein gap. MRI and ERCP suggested primary sclerosing cholangitis but were not diagnostic. Liver biopsy illustrated plasma-cell infiltration and bone marrow biopsy diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease. Patient was started on dexamethasone, bortezomib, and cyclophosphamide, but, despite this aggressive regimen, the patient continued to decline. We take this opportunity to present this atypical presentation of a common hematological malignancy and review the associated literature.

scholarly journals Multiple myeloma: circulating lymphocytes that express plasma cell antigens

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
GJ Ruiz-Arguelles ◽  
JA Katzmann ◽  
PR Greipp ◽  
NJ Gonchoroff ◽  
JP Garton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Bone Marrow Plasma

The bone marrow and peripheral blood of 14 patients with multiple myeloma were studied with murine monoclonal antibodies that identify antigens on plasma cells (R1–3 and OKT10). Peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing plasma cell antigens were found in six cases. Five of these cases expressed the same antigens that were present on the plasma cells in the bone marrow. Patients that showed such peripheral blood involvement were found to have a larger tumor burden and higher bone marrow plasma cell proliferative activity. In some patients, antigens normally found at earlier stages of B cell differentiation (B1, B2, and J5) were expressed by peripheral blood lymphocytes and/or bone marrow plasma cells.

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