scholarly journals Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Complicating Influenza A Infection in a Young Child

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Peters ◽  
Dudley E. Hammon ◽  
Rima J. Jarrah ◽  
Elizabeth L. Palavecino ◽  
Elizabeth S. Blakeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially lethal but rare complication of influenza infection. We report a case of TSS and influenza A infection in a 5-year-old boy without respiratory symptoms, in whom tracheal aspirate bacterial culture grew a toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial culture of the upper respiratory tract should be considered in patients with influenza-associated toxic shock syndrome.

scholarly journals Streptococcal sepsis and periorbital cellulitis as a complication of influenza in a 4-year-old girl

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Anna Materny ◽  
◽  
Ernest Kuchar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The Right

Influenza may pave the way for some specific bacterial infections. In this case study we present a rare complication of influenza A infection – periorbital cellulitis followed by streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever. A 4-year-old otherwise healthy girl presented with her mother to a general practitioner with fatigue, irritability and fever not responding to antipyretics. Due to the positive rapid influenza diagnostic test, treatment with oseltamivir was implemented. The Quick Strep Test was negative. During the following days, the patient’s condition worsened, leading to an admission to a paediatric otolaryngology unit. Doctors observed an asymmetrical swelling of the lids with exophthalmos of the right eye, pharyngitis, petechiae in skin folds, a strawberry tongue and skin exfoliation on the lips. The patient was treated with intravenous broadspectrum antibiotics (cefotaxime, vancomycin) and underwent drainage of sinuses, without any significant improvement. On the following day, the girl showed signs of systemic infection, confusion and further swelling of both eyes, and therefore was moved to an intensive care unit. Computed tomography of the head showed signs of periorbital cellulitis with destruction of the surrounding bones. After obtaining a positive blood culture for group A streptococcus, penicillin and clindamycin were immediately administered. The patient’s condition improved within 24 hours. The described case emphasises the importance of yearly influenza vaccination, especially in the groups with risk factors like very young age. Early diagnosis of the streptococcal infection as a complication of influenza and a targeted treatment may prevent the potentially fatal outcome in the form of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

scholarly journals Toxic shock syndrome with a cytokine storm caused by Staphylococcus simulans: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Goda ◽  
Tsuneaki Kenzaka ◽  
Masahiko Hoshijima ◽  
Akihiro Yachie ◽  
Hozuka Akita
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

Abstract Background Exotoxins secreted from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes act as superantigens that induce systemic release of inflammatory cytokines and are a common cause of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). However, little is known about TSS caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a rare case of TSS caused by Staphylococcus simulans (S. simulans). Case presentation We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia from S. simulans following an influenza infection. The patient met the clinical criteria for probable TSS, and her symptoms included fever of 39.5 °C, diffuse macular erythroderma, conjunctival congestion, vomiting, diarrhea, liver dysfunction, and disorientation. Therefore, the following treatment was initiated for bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza A with suspected TSS: meropenem (1 g every 8 h), vancomycin (1 g every 12 h), and clindamycin (600 mg every 8 h). Blood cultures taken on the day after admission were positive for CoNS, whereas sputum and pharyngeal cultures grew Streptococcus pneumoniae (Geckler group 4) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, respectively. However, exotoxins thought to cause TSS, such as TSS toxin-1 and various enterotoxins, were not detected. The patient’s therapy was switched to cefazolin (2 g every 8 h) and clindamycin (600 mg every 8 h) for 14 days based on microbiologic test results. She developed desquamation of the fingers on hospital day 8 and was diagnosed with TSS. Conventional exotoxins, such as TSST-1, and S. aureus enterotoxins were not detected in culture samples. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as neopterin and IL-6, were high. CD8+ T cells were activated in peripheral blood. Vβ2+ population activation, which is characteristic for TSST-1, was not observed in the Vβ usage of CD8+ T cells in T cell receptor Vβ repertoire distribution analysis. Conclusions We present a case of S. simulans-induced TSS. Taken together, we speculate that no specific exotoxins are involved in the induction of TSS in this patient. A likely mechanism is uncontrolled cytokine release (i.e., cytokine storm) induced by non-specific immune reactions against CoNS proliferation.

Atypical staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 642-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
WES TYSON ◽  
DAVID F. WENSLEY ◽  
JOHN D. ANDERSON ◽  
GRAHAM C. FRASER ◽  
ELIZABETH M. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

A rare case of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome after abdominoplasty

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R JARRAHY ◽  
J ROOSTAEIAN ◽  
M KAUFMAN ◽  
C CRISERA ◽  
J FESTEKJIAN
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

P4: A Rare Case of Delayed Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Following Abdominoplasty

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Reza Jarrahy ◽  
Matthew R. Kaufman ◽  
Jason Roostaeian ◽  
Andrew Trussler ◽  
Christopher Crisera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

scholarly journals Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in a Finnish garrison - a serological survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aho ◽  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
J E Nyholm ◽  
T Kuitunen ◽  
E Rönkkö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Major Part ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In September 2009, an outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) took place in a Finnish garrison. In November 2009, we performed a serological survey among 984 recruits undergoing their military service at the garrison and related the results to self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with or without fever. Of 346 volunteers who donated a blood sample, 169 (49%) had pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus-specific antibodies. Of those, 84 (50%) reported no recent history of URTI, suggesting that a major part of those infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus may be asymptomatic.

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

2012 ◽  
pp. 2131-2131
Author(s):  
John Kashani ◽  
Richard D. Shih ◽  
Thomas H. Cogbill ◽  
David H. Jang ◽  
Lewis S. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document