scholarly journals Mechanism of Anesthetic Toxicity: Metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, and Electron Transfer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacic ◽  
Ratnasamy Somanathan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects

There is much literature on the toxic effects of anesthetics. This paper deals with both the volatiles and locals. Adverse effects appear to be multifaceted, with the focus on radicals, oxidative stress (OS), and electron transfer (ET). ET functionalities involved are quinone, iminoquinone, conjugated iminium, and nitrone. The non-ET routes involving radicals and OS apparently pertain to haloalkanes and ethers. Beneficial effects of antioxidants, evidently countering OS, are reported. Knowledge at the molecular level should aid in devising strategies to combat the adverse effects.

scholarly journals Unifying Mechanism for Nutrients as Anticancer Agents: Electron Transfer, Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacic ◽  
Ratnasamy Somanathan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

A recent article deals with various nutrients in relation to bactericidal action. The present article focuses on a unifying mode of action for the nutrients, namely, resveratrol, epigallocatechin, polyene-ß-carotene, polyene lycopene, piperine, curcumin, genistein, luteolin, sulforaphane and pomegranate extract. The mechanism is based on electron transfer, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which comprises an extension of earlier reports involving agents. Most of the compounds are precursors of electron transfer quinones, whereas others fit into the polyene category. The nutrients are better known as antioxidants. The dichotomy is addressed.

Chemistry and Reactivity of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in Model Biological Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Vazdar ◽  
Sanja Škulj ◽  
Danijela Bakarić ◽  
Davor Margetić ◽  
Mario Vazdar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Main Research

: Among many reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are constantly generated during oxidative stress in cellular membranes, formation and subsequent reactivity of ubiquitous 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) with nearby amino acids and lipids represents one of the main research targets in cell physiology in the last decades. Starting from the first synthesis of HNE in 1967, chemistry and reactivity of HNE are constantly under intense scrutiny. This review shows recent advances in the field which are discussed with the special emphasis on revealing intricate details of numerous reaction mechanisms of HNE with lipids and amino acids, with the goal of understanding the reactivity of HNE at the molecular level.

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