scholarly journals Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhan Prakash ◽  
Sonika Verma ◽  
Ranjana Bhatia ◽  
B. N. Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Potential Risks

Commercial potential of biotechnology is immense since the scope of its activity covers the entire spectrum of human life. The most potent biotechnological approach is the transfer of specifically constructed gene assemblies through various techniques. However, this deliberate modification and the resulting entities thereof have become the bone of contention all over the world. Benefits aside, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have always been considered a threat to environment and human health. In view of this, it has been considered necessary by biosafety regulations of individual countries to test the feasibility of GMOs in contained and controlled environments for any potential risks they may pose. This paper describes the various aspects of risk, its assessment, and management which are imperative in decision making regarding the safe use of GMOs. Efficient efforts are necessary for implementation of regulations. Importance of the risk assessment, management, and precautionary approach in environmental agreements and activism is also discussed.

Sharing of Cyber Threat Intelligence between States

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Philipp Kuehn ◽  
Thea Riebe ◽  
Lynn Apelt ◽  
Max Jansen ◽  
Christian Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetic Alteration ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Threat Intelligence ◽  
Cyber Threat Intelligence ◽  
Gene Drives

Novel environmental invasive biotechnologies, such as gene drives and Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents exceed the classical applications of genetically modified organisms. The reason for this is that they are designed to transform wild organisms into genetically modified organisms which express desired traits. Instead of in a laboratory, this transformation takes place in the environment. The far-ranging effects that may be triggered by gene drive and Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents require an extension of risk assessment to include socio-political consequences. The present article offers a first brief examination whether regulation is prepared for possible conflicts caused by benevolent or by hostile use of these novel technologies.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

EFSA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. s1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Waigmann ◽  
Claudia Paoletti ◽  
Howard Davies ◽  
Joe Perry ◽  
Sirpa Kärenlampi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified

scholarly journals THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Anisa ◽  
Chelsilya ◽  
Grace Yohana ◽  
Mucco Eva ◽  
Morry Zefanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Current technological advances have been present in all aspects of human life, including technological advances in biotechnology. Biotechnology not only raises hope for science but also raises heated debates among scientists, especially between the European Union and the US. This debate arises because of differences in perspective between the EU and the US. The EU has stringent rules regarding the development efforts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the same time, the US thinks that GMOs are part of agriculture, so there is no need for any special laws to regulate them. Various side effects also come hand in hand with the birth of GMOs. They are ranging from adverse effects on human health, the health of food products, and even environmental damage. The development of GMOs can damage the ecosystem of species that exist in the environment. Still, more complex problems arise due to GMOs like economic problems and monopolies.   Keywords: The  GMOs, The EU, The US.

Genetically Modified Organisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 508-530
Author(s):  
Anne Saab
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Product Regulation

This chapter examines comparative approaches to risk assessment and regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It first provides a brief background on the emergence, increased use, and controversy surrounding GMOs as well as the important legal questions and complexities they raise before discussing the legal approaches used to assess and regulate risks associated with GM foods, labelling of GM foods, and the application of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to GMOs. In particular, it considers risk assessment in the United States and in the European Union, focusing on the precautionary approach versus the permissive approach. It also compares process regulation and product regulation for regulating the risks posed by GMOs in the United States and the European Union, along with risk assessment and regulation in Brazil, China, and Costa Rica. Finally, it analyses the legal framework for IPRs as they apply to GMOs and comparative approaches to patenting GMOs.

scholarly journals Engineered fluoride sensitivity enables biocontainment and selection of genetically-modified yeasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin I. Yoo ◽  
Susanna Seppälä ◽  
Michelle A. OʼMalley
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Wildtype Strain ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Dna Vectors ◽  
Selection Agent ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Biocontainment systems are needed to neutralize genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that pose ecological threats outside of controlled environments. In contrast, benign selection markers complement GMOs with reduced fitness. Benign selection agents serve as alternatives to antibiotics, which are costly and risk spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we present a yeast biocontainment strategy leveraging engineered fluoride sensitivity and DNA vectors enabling use of fluoride as a selection agent. The biocontainment system addresses the scarcity of platforms available for yeast despite their prevalent use in industry and academia. In the absence of fluoride, the biocontainment strain exhibits phenotypes nearly identical to those of the wildtype strain. Low fluoride concentrations severely inhibit biocontainment strain growth, which is restored upon introduction of fluoride-based vectors. The biocontainment strategy is stringent, easily implemented, and applicable to several eukaryotes. Further, the DNA vectors enable genetic engineering at reduced costs and eliminate risks of propagating antibiotic resistance.

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