scholarly journals ESTUDO FARMACOBOTÂNICO DE FOLHAS DE CAPIM-LIMÃO: Cympobogon citratus (DC.) STAPF, POACEAE

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. do R. Duarte ◽  
C. C. Zaneti
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Double Bundle ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Poaceae é uma erva aromática perene, conhecida popularmente como capim-limão. As folhas frescas ou dessecadas e o óleo extraído das mesmas são amplamente empregados na medicina tradicional e se lhes atribuem atividades sedativa, estomáquica, analgésica, antiespasmódica e antimicrobiana. Com o objetivo de complementar informações farmacognósticas, realizou-se estudo morfológico foliar externo (macroscópico) e anatômico (microscópico) da planta medicinal. Observou-se que as folhas apresentam formato linear-lanceolado, são planas, eretas e alternas, com bainha larga e nervação paralela. A epiderme é uniestratificada e constituída por células parenquimáticas e lignificadas; em vista frontal, apresentam formato retangular e paredes anticlinais levemente onduladas; ao longo da lâmina foliar são encontrados tricomas tectores unicelulares e bicelulares, e estômatos em formato de halteres, acompanhados de duas células subsidiárias. Células buliformes, clorênquima regular e feixes vasculares colaterais com estrutura Kranz, envoltos por bainha simples ou dupla estão presentes. Morpho-anatomical study of lemongrass leaVES: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) STAPF, POACEAE Abstract This species is an aromatic perennial herb, commonly known as lemongrass. Their fresh or dried leaves and essential oil are largely employed in the traditional medicine as sedative, stomachic, analgesic, antispasmodic and antimicrobial. Aiming to contribute to pharmacognostical studies, morphological (macroscopic) and anatomical (microscopic) analysis were carried out. It was observed that the leaves have got linear-lanceolate shape; they are plain, erect and alternate, with a large sheathing base and parallel venation. The epidermis is composed by one layer of parenchymatic and sclerenchymatic cells, which shows elongated shape and slightly waved anticlinal walls; also present are uni- and bicellular non-glandular trichomes, and stomata surrounded by two subsidiary cells. Bulliform cells, homogeneous chlorenchyma and collateral vascular bundles, showing a wreath (Kranz structure) encircled by simple or double bundle sheath are described.

Intraspecifíc variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc.

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 901-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Frean ◽  
D. R. Barrett ◽  
D. Ariovich ◽  
M. Wolfson ◽  
C. F. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Double Bundle ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mestome Sheath ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Large Numbers

Intraspecific variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. is shown ultrastructurally with particular regard to the structure of the bundle sheath and the development of the dimorphic chloroplasts in both the C3 and C4 forms of this species. A. semialata is known to possess two distinct anatomical forms — Kranz and non-Kranz — within one species and occurring within a single ecological niche. Kranz and non-Kranz anatomy is known to be correlated with C3 and C4 physiology respectively. Transverse sections of leaf portions taken at midsheath, at the ligule and at midlamina show plastids with different morphologies at different ontogenetic stages. Plastid form is related to the stage of development, the influence of light on the emerging leaf and the C3 or C4form of A. semialata. Stages from amyloplast to chloroplast are investigated with regard to fine structure. Leaf transverse sections are examined microscopically and formation of new bundles, chiefly in the lamina is traced. Differences in anatomy and distribution of vascular bundles are more evident in the lamina than in the colourless leaf sheath. Both C3 and C4 forms of A. semialata are found to show chloroplast dimorphism in vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. This is shown to differ in the two forms. The specialized chloroplasts of the Kranz sheath are shown to develop in the inner or mestome sheath, and not in the parenchyma sheath as in some other members of the Kranz Panicoideae. Features of A. semialata,  such as the double bundle sheath, granal chloroplasts and large numbers of mitochondria in bundle sheath cells, in the C4 form, question the current classification of this grass as a malate former.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON CORBICHONIA DECUMBENS (FORSSK.) EXELL, AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL HERB FROM RAJASTHAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Sunita Arora ◽  
Manju Saini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Rocky Habitats ◽  
Almost All

Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, commonly known as pater-chatti, is an annual or short lived perennial herb found in rocky habitats. It is used to cure kidney stone and gonorrhoea. The main objective of this study was to examine the anatomical characters of whole plant of C. decumbens for identification. The transverse sections of root, stem, leaf and flower have been examined and analysed. Photomicrographs were prepared with Sony HD (1920x1080/50i) digital camera. The microscopical studies revealed several interesting features viz., the presence of anomocytic stomata on both the surface; more on adaxial surface starch grains present in cortical region of root, rosette crystals in almost all vegetative parts that some time forms clusters, sclerenchymatous pericyle in stem and root presence of wide medullary rays in secondary xylem and bundle sheath around vascular bundles. The outcome showed many unique characters which may prove most important in taxonomical relevance. This study would be useful for correct identification and authentication of the plant. Keywords: Anomocytic, Dorsiventral, Medullary rays, Bundle sheath, Rosette crystals

scholarly journals Micromorphological and anatomical features of four species of Elytrigia Desv. (Poaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Meng ◽  
Peichun Mao
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

The micromorphological and anatomical characters of Elytrigia caespitosa (K.Koch) Nevski , E. intermedia (Host) Nevski × E. elongata (Host) Nevski, E. intermedia(Host) Nevski and  E. repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski have been studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine interspecific variation. The results show that the root transverse section consists of epidermis, cortex and stele. Two rings of vascular bundles and a central pith cavity appear in stem morphology. The leaves of  E. caespitosa have either single or twin, horse shoe-shaped short cells born along the costal zone of the upper epidermis, which lack prickle hairs and contain spherical or oblique-shaped papillae. In  E. intermedia, the parallel subsidiary cells are distributed on the upper epidermis, and there are no short cells in the leaves. Dome-shaped subsidiary cells appear on the upper epidermis of  E. intermedia × E. elongata and E. repens, but E. intermedia × E. elongata showes spot-shaped papillae, and its bulliform cells sank into the “hinge cells”. E. repens has no papillae, and its bulliform cells are not sunken into the mesophyll. Therefore, the differences in micromorphological characters on the upper epidermis of the leaf could be useful in classifying and determining phylogenetic relationships among the species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17388Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon.  20(2): 135-144, 2013

scholarly journals Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Joarder ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
SN Sima ◽  
K Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Mestome Sheath ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement.   Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars.   Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer.   Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20).   Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue.   Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
SN Sima ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
MT Akther ◽  
N Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis

Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

scholarly journals Micro-morphological descriptions on Cenchrus species from Rajasthan (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2141
Author(s):  
Sunita Arora ◽  
Ganesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Famine Food ◽  
Large Vessels

Present investigation was carried out to screen micro-morphological features of Cenchrus species (C4 plant) belonging to family Poaceae. This is an important medicinal, fodder as well as crop plant and traditionally used as famine food during drought. It is best suited for desert environmental conditions.  In extreme conditions when food is in scarce, seeds of this grass are consumed by tribals. The microscopical illustrations revealed several interesting features i.e. presence of cuticle, bulliform cells, trichomes, lysigenous cavity, more amount of chlorenchyma, Y- shaped vascular bundles, double layered bundle sheath, large vessels and starch grains that support its assimilation efficacy and survival in typical conditions of Thar Desert. This study helps in referential identification, authentication, standardization and detection of adaptation strategies to understand biology of this plant.

scholarly journals Aspectos da estrutura foliar de Stevia cinerascens Sch. - Bip. (Compositae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Amélia Moema Veiga Lopes ◽  
Maria Helena Cechella Achutti ◽  
Thereza Grassiolli ◽  
Sérgio Augusto de Loreto Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stereological Method ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Secretory Canals ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Shade Leaves

Leaves of odorous plants (sample A) and no odorous ones (sample B), showing diverse habits and growing in different habitats were studied. Clarified leaves were used for the blade architecture study and sections of alive and fixed leaves for the anatomical study. The determination of occupied area by epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes according to the stereological method was done. The structure of leaves is dorsiventral. They are amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. The trichomes are simples conical, simple filiforme and biseriate vesicular glandular types. The venation is acrodromous. The vascular bundles have a collateral arrangement. The bundle sheath of the small vascular bundles located in the mesophyll is parenchymatic. The vessel members have simple perforation plates. Schizogenous secretory canals accompany the primary veins and sometimes the secondary veins. The collenchyma is present beneath the epidermis of the larger veins. The biseriate vesicular glandular trichomes differentiation, subtype α (sample A) and subtype β (sample B) and features frequent in sun (sample A) and shade leaves (sample B) are structural variation showed by these leaves.

scholarly journals ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO E ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. K. BROCK ◽  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
T. NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, é uma herbácea escandente, denominada popularmente de buchinha. O fruto é empregado na medicina tradicional como purgativo, emenagogo e descongestionante nasal. O presente trabalho objetivou fornecer informações complementares à morfo-anatomia e realizar abordagem fitoquímica dos frutos e sementes dessa espécie. O material botânico foi reidratado, seccionado e corado, de acordo com técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica. Para a análise fitoquímica, foram preparados extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico, por meio de maceração dos frutos e das sementes pulverizados. O fruto é ovóide, capsular e fibroso, com estrias e acúleos. O epicarpo apresenta tricomas tectores pluricelulares e estômatos anomocíticos, e feixes vasculares percorrem o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. A semente é elipsóide e achatada, sendo a epiderme do tegumento formada por células de paredes anticlinais onduladas, o endosperma reduzido e os cotilédones plano-convexos. Os extratos dos frutos indicaram a presença de flavonóides, taninos, saponinas, esteróides e/ou triterpenóides. MORPHO-ANATOMICAL STUDY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing herb, popularly known as loofa sponge. The fruit is employed in the traditionalmedicine as laxative, emmenagogue and nasal decongestant. This study aimed to supply additional knowledge to the morpho-anatomy and phytochemical screening of the fruits and seeds. The botanical material was rehydrated, sectioned and stained, according to the usual optical microtechniques. For the phytochemical analysis, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, by means of maceration of the powdered fruits and seeds. The fruit is an oval and fibrous capsule, showing striated surface and aculeous. The exocarp has pluricellular non-glandular trichomes and anomocytic stomata, and vascular bundles are seen in the mesocarp and endocarp. The seed is elliptical and flat, presenting the epidermal cells of the integument with wavy anticlinal walls, reduced endosperm and plain-convex cotyledons. The fruit extracts indicate the presence of flavonoids, tanins, saponins, esteroids and/or triterpenoids.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histochemical characterization of leaves of Spondias purpurea L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Gleyka Daisa de Melo Santos ◽  
Cledson dos Santos Magalhães ◽  
Rafaela Damasceno Sá ◽  
Karina Perrelli Randau
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Spondias Purpurea ◽  
Histochemical Characterization

The Anacardiaceae family has species rich in secondary metabolites. They are widely used in popular medicine. Among them, Spondias purpurea L. stands out for containing several secondary metabolites with important biological activities. To aid in the precise identification of the species, this work aims to perform an anatomical and histochemical characterization of leaves of S. purpurea. Microscope slides containing cross-sections of the petiolule and leaflets, in addition to paradermal sections of the leaflets, were prepared and analyzed in an optical and polarized microscope. Histochemical tests were performed on fresh leaflets. Through microscopic analysis, it was possible to identify the anatomical structures that allow the diagnosis of the studied species, such as petiolule with concave-convex shape, non-glandular and glandular trichomes, druses in phloem; leafletsamphistomatic, with non-glandular trichomes on the adaxial face and glandular trichomes on the abaxial face, midrib with concave-convex shape, two collateral vascular bundles, one layer of palisade parenchyma, druses in phloem and mesophyll. Through histochemistry, the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, lipophilic compounds, essential oils, lignin, starch and calcium oxalate crystals were evidenced in the leaflets. The results are important for the quality control of plant material.

scholarly journals МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНА БУДОВА ТРАВИ ВЕРОНІКИ ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ (VERONICA OFFICINALIS L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. М. Марчишин ◽  
І. І. Мілян ◽  
Л. М. Сіра
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Side Walls

<p><strong>MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE </strong><strong>OF </strong><strong>HERB </strong><strong>VERONICA OFFICINALIS</strong><strong> (VERONICA OFFICINALIS L.)</strong></p><p>S.M. Marchyshyn, I.I. Milian</p><p>SHEI "Ternopil State I.Ya.HorbachevckyiMedicalUniversityof Ministry of Public Health ofUkraine"</p><p>Veronica officinalis - a perennial herb 10-30 cm long, with clambering, branched stem at the base, which forms a timber. Stems are covered with dense short hairs. Leaves narrow into short petiole, inverse-ovate, dentate- serrated, slightly rough. Multifloral, flowering clusters grow from one bosom of two opposite leaves. The flowers are pale blue with a purple tinge, rarely white. The plant has astringent taste, fresh - without odor, dried - has a pleasant smell. It flowers in June - August.</p><p>Botanics refer Veronica officinalis to the family of Plantaginaceae (Scrophulariaceae), but its family is called veronica’s because there are so much Veronica’s species in the world.</p><p>Microscopic analysis of grass Veronica officinalis L.</p><p>Stem. The cross sections is round, uniformly pubescent. External walls of epidermal cells with finely cuticle, stomata and little rosettes opaque multicellular hairs. Beamless anatomical structure is clearly separated by a narrow ring of the central cylinder.</p><p>On the preparations with basic surface epidermis stem cells with thin, straight side walls, slanted and radial thickened, warted outer shells. Basic cells occur between small and big oval idioblasts with clear content. Occasionally  narrow oval anomocytic stomata complexes, surrounded by 4-5 cells are observed. Simple and glandular trichomes are placed evenly, but not densely. Simple hairs are narrow, elongated, uniseriate, multicellular, slightly elevated with sharp shape formed 6-8 straight-walled, square-rounded cells.</p><p>Leaves. The cells of the upper and lower epidermis of medium size, thin or thick beaded, more or less winding side walls and moderately thick outside, covered with soft folded cuticle membranes. Epidermal cells of veins elongated, shell straight or slightly wavy, with small bulges and chotkopodibnymy folded cuticle. Stomata spherical-oval, anomocytic, they are more in the lower epidermis. Simple and glandular trichomes the structure are the same as on the stems and sepals.</p><p>Leaf blade is thin, dorsoventral, mesophillous clearly differentiated, moderately layered, with an average rate of palisadity. Columnar single layer clorenchyma has wide cells, accumulating phenolic compounds. Sponge mesophillous is 3-4 layer.</p><p>The main vein and lateral veins of first order are thin, with a parenchyma facing, which contains phenolic compounds and thin, mostly ladder-shaped and porous tracheids and vessels. Phloem is accompanied sclerenchyma cord.Its short petoole has triangular shape, a leading system consists of one central and two lateral small vascular bundles.</p><p>Perianth parts.</p><p>Sepals are more hairy on the edge with typical for other parts simple hairs and glandular specific trichomes. they cover The base of leaves is covered abundantly, with one or two-cell yellow oval heads and a long  two- or three-cell which is usually  bent in arc-like way. Epidermal cells are with longitudinal folds cuticle.</p><p>Conclusion. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of grass Veronica officinalis L. and the main morphological and anatomical structural diagnostic features  of its stems, leaves, perianth are studies, what will be used in the design of quality control methodology " herb Veronica оfficinalis”.</p>

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