scholarly journals Simúliofauna do Rio Marumbi, Morretes, Paraná, Brasil. II. Substratos naturais e artificiais dos imaturos e fauna associada (Diptera, Simuliidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Dellome Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Artificial Substratum ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Natural Substratum

É estudado o substrato natural dos estágios larvais de similídeos no Rio Marumbi (Morretes, Paraná, Brasil). É formado por plantas marginais e submersas. Fios plásticos amarelos e verdes foram usados como substratos artificiais e foi mostrado que os fios amarelos são os preferidos pelas larvas. A fauna associada aos imaturos é constituída de artrápodos e peixes. Larvas de Athericidae foram encontrada em matéria em decomposição. Abstract The natural substratum of the black flies larval stages on Marurnbi River (Morreres, Paraná, Brasil) were exaniined. lt was found to be constituted by marginal and submerged plants only. Yellow and green plastic threads as artificial substratum were used and showed that immatures prefer the yellow ones. The associated fauna to immatures was found to be constituted by arthropods and fishes. Athericidae larvae were found in decomposed organic material; this is the first citation of this farnily in Brazil. Résumé Le substrat naturel des larves de quelques Simuliidae dans le fleuve Marumbi (Morretes, Paraná, Brésil) est examiné. Les plantes marginales et submergeés sont l'unique substrat. Entre fils de plastique verds et jaunes, les fils jeunes sont de préférence de les larves comme substrat artificiel. La faune associeé sont l’espéces des poisons et des artropodes.

scholarly journals Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Mieczysława I. Boguś
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.

scholarly journals THE MANGROVE FORESTS OF CAIRNS, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 23-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hegerl ◽  
J. D.S. Davie
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
Vegetation Species

Surveys of the flora and fauna of the Cairns tidal wetlands were carried out by members of the Australian Littoral Society during the summers of 1974 and 1975. These wetlands cover an area of 6000 hectares in Trinity Inlet and the Barron River delta. The Cairns mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation forms distinct patterns of zonation which appear to be largely controlled by the volume and constancy of freshwater flow. The results of extensive collections revealed a wetlands associated fauna of invertebrates and fish that is considerably more diverse than has previously been reported for northern Queensland. While some species are ubiquitous, many of the invertebrates have been found only in a discrete habitat within particular zones of vegetation. Species diversity of molluscs and crustaceans is greatest in the most constantly inundated zones. A diverse fauna occurs in rotted mangrove logs. Data were obtained on the export of organic material from a small mangrove watershed on one day in December 1975. These revealed a figure for detritus of 11.3 gC/m2/day. This was composed of a 'dissolved' organic carbon fraction of 6.3 gC/m2/day, and 5.0 gC/m2/day of particulate organic carbon. These figures are discussed in relation to available literature on mangrove forests and estuaries. Rapid urban and agricultural development of Cairns is now placing a large portion of these wetlands under serious threat of destruction. The prospects for the future conservation of the Cairns tidal wetlands are discussed.

A PILOT BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) CONTROL PROGRAM USING BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Colbo ◽  
H. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Stream System ◽  
Fly Control

AbstractA pilot black fly control program using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on a small stream system near St. John's, Newfoundland resulted in a 70% or greater population reduction of adult black flies from the previous year. The species present in the system were Prosimulium mixtum, Stegopterna mutata, Eusimulium vernum, Simulium tuberosum, S. venustum/verecundum complex, and S. vittatum. The formulation used was Teknar® flowable concentrate (Sandoz Inc.) rated at 600 ITU/mg which proved effective against the larval stages of all black fly species at a dose of 10 ppm for 1 min. The results indicated that this agent will be effective if applied at the appropriate locations and times. The 1-min dose was practical except in very cold water (0°–7 °C) where a 5-min or longer dose may be required. The unpredictable relief pattern of the northern streams resulted in a highly variable downstream carry for the B.t.i. Therefore application sites must be determined by a stream survey and not just from discharge characteristics.

Observations on sampling pre-imaginal populations of blackflies (Dipt., Simu liidae) in West Cameroon

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. L. Disney
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Substratum ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Artificial Streams ◽  
Increased Activity

The use of standardised artificial substratum units (SASUs) for sampling preimaginal populations of Simulium is reviewed and the results then given of experiments with SASUs in rivers and artificial streams in West Cameroon in 1968–70. The increase of downstream drift of larvae by night is attributed to the increased activity of associated fauna at night. The numbers of larvae settling on SASUs is partly afunction of how long the latter have been set and partly due to the pattern of fluctuation in river depth. Any particular SASU appears to be selective in relation to the different species of Simulium available for settlement. A new index of uniformity is proposed for comparing the diversity of Simulium faunas occurring on different substrata.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

Biological treatment for removal of organic material and ammonium from leachate at low temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Rittia H. Kettunen ◽  
Pertti Keskitalo ◽  
Taina H. Hoilijoki ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Biological Treatment

Pengolahan Limbah Domba Menjadi Bokashi di Desa Arjowilangun, Kecamatan Kalipare Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moch Agus Choiron ◽  
Siti Azizah ◽  
Nafisah Arina Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Village People ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Arjowilangun Village is a post-TKI village. People choose to become sheep farmers with less capital than being cattle farmers. Based on the previous discussion, waste management is required to ensure the sustainability of environment in Arjowilangun Village. Processing sheep and agricultural waste program is held by Doktor Mengabdi team. Farmers can learn how to make Bokashi from waste. The method used is composting aerobic or anaerobic starters for composting organic material. A decomposer as collection of several good microbes from fungi work to control pathogenic microbes assists the fermentation process. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test during the training, it can be showed that understanding of the breeders' potential of the environment is increased.

LBA-ECO CD-02 CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES IN ORGANIC MATERIAL, BRAZIL

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BERRY, ◽  
C. COOK, ◽  
T.F. DOMINGUES, ◽  
J. EHLERINGER, ◽  
L. FLANAGAN, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes
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