scholarly journals Effects of Tilletia foetida on Activities of Three Defense Enzymes in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting He ◽  
Taiguo Liu ◽  
Wanquan Chen ◽  
Qingyun Guo ◽  
Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

Formation and Discharge of Secondary Sporidia of the Bunt Fungus, Tilletia Foetida

Mycologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Goates ◽  
J. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Tilletia Foetida

Prospects for the use of highly effective and safe stimulants of embryogenesis in poultry farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
I. I. Kochish ◽  
◽  
T. A. Sadovskaya ◽  
T. O. Azarnova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Poultry Farming

To increase the embryonic and postembryonic viability of poultry, along with selection work, optimization of the microclimate parameters of poultry houses and rations, it is also advisable to develop resource-saving and environmentally friendly methods of using biologically active substances. It was shown that the treatment of eggs with a composition of solutions of natural metabolites (colamine, succinic acid and Ribav) in optimal concentrations stopped and prevented the negative effects of stress. Positive biochemical and morphological changes were observed in the development of chick embryos. An increase in chick withdrawal, a decrease in all incubation waste, an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of chickens were found.

scholarly journals Molecular Role of Nitric Oxide in Secondary Products Production in Ginkgo biloba Cell Suspension Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Osama K. AHMED ◽  
Adel E. HEGAZY
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) treatment on the enhancement of secondary metabolites production, oxidative stress mediators (O2-.) accumulation and antioxidant defense enzymes of Ginkgo biloba callus culture was investigated. On one hand, the obtained data showed a highly metabolic modification of chemical constituents, PAL activity and various antioxidant defense enzymes (APX, SOD), which gradually increased in response to SNP treatments. On the other hands the high NO levels significantly increased the accumulation of various oxidative burst of O2-.. MS basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolase (500 mg/L), NAA and BA at equal concentration (0.5 mg/L) recorded the highest number of regenerated shoots (4.81 cm) and shoot height (4.96 cm) as well as root number (2.25 cm) and root length (4.5 cm). The highest survival (40 %) was shown in acclimatization on the mixture containing sand, peat moss and vermiculite (1: 1: 1, v/v/v), which significantly confirmed and reflected the variation in survival percentage. Meanwhile, higher treatment (500 μM) of NO positively enhanced secondary products accumulation of total tannins, saponins, phenols and total flavonoids in G. biloba callus culture.

scholarly journals Biosynthetic insulin effect on red cell membrane lipid peroxidation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Balashova ◽  
Ye. N. Golega ◽  
I. A. Rudko ◽  
M. I. Balabolkin ◽  
A. A. Kubatiev
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Human Insulin ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Membrane Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

The aim of our research was elucidation of a relationship between red cell membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant' defense enzymes, on the one hand and the age disease duration and presence of vascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus on the other. The possibility of correcting red cell peroxide status with human insulin preparations was investigated. Red cell membrane LPO was found increased more than twofold and antioxidant defense enzymes activities virtually unchanged vs. controls in 16 patients with diabetes aged 20 to 43. These characteristics of red cell peroxidation status do not depend on patients age disease standing or presence of vascular complications. A twelve-week therapy with biosynthetic insulin resulted in complete normalization of LPO processes in patients with angiopathies aged under 35 and with disease standing of less than 10 years. In diabetics with angiopathies aged over 35 and disease standing of more than 10 years red cell MDA level reduced under the effect of therapy with human insulin preparations but was still increased vs. that in healthy donors by 1.5 times. Red cell GP and SOD activities reduced in the course of insulin therapy in all the examined groups of diabetics. Catalase activity increased by approximately 50% in patients with angiopathies those aged over 35 and a disease standing of more than 10 years under the effect of insulin. In the rest groups of patients catalase activity did not differ from its initial level. Our results permit us recommending besides human insulin preparations antioxidant therapy for patients with vascular complications those aged over 35 and a disease standing of more than 10 years.

Tilletia foetida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

Abstract A description is provided for Tilletia foetida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Triticum, Secale, Triticale, Hordeum, Agropyron, Elymus, Sitanion, Lolium. DISEASE: Causes common bunt (stinking or covered smut) of wheat. Tilletia caries (CMI Descriptions 719) causes a virtually identical disease known by the same name. The seed contents inside the pericarp are converted to a mass of teliospores and the seed converted into a 'bunt ball' which ruptures on harvesting, releasing the black spores and the volatile compound trimethylamine which has a foul, fishy odour. Diseased plants are somewhat stunted and the heads of infected plants remain greener than those containing healthy grain and are more slender; the glumes of diseased spikelets are also spread apart. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in most countries where wheat is grown but less widespread than T. caries and not apparently in UK (CMI Map 295, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Spores are released when the grain is harvested and are dispersed by air to contaminate healthy grain and soil. Spores germinate in moist soil to produce a basidium and acicular basidiospores (primary sporidia). These fuse to produce a dikaryotic mycelium which may directly infect host seedling coleoptiles or produce further secondary sporidia.

scholarly journals Identification of Tilletia foetida, Ustilago tritici, and Urocystis tritici Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqiong Zhao ◽  
Feng Qin ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Jinxing Ma ◽  
Zhenyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

Identifying plant pathogens for disease diagnosis and disease control strategy making is of great significance. In this study, based on near-infrared spectroscopy, a method for identifying three kinds of pathogens causing wheat smuts, including Tilletia foetida, Ustilago tritici, and Urocystis tritici, was investigated. Based on the acquired near-infrared spectral data of the teliospore samples of the three pathogens, pathogen identification models were built in different spectral regions using distinguished partial least squares (DPLS), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and support vector machine (SVM). Satisfactory identification results were achieved using the DPLS, BPNN, and SVM models built in each of the 22 spectral regions. By contrast, the modeling effects of DPLS and SVM were better than those of BPNN. The modeling ratio of the training set to the testing set affected the identification results of the BPNN models more than those obtained using the DPLS and SVM models. In this study, a rapid, accurate, and nondestructive method was provided for plant pathogen identification, and some basis was provided for disease diagnosis, pathogen monitoring, and disease control. Moreover, some methodological references and supports were provided for identification of quarantine wheat smut fungi in plant quarantine.

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