scholarly journals Isolation and Primary Identification of Leaf Rust on Black Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) at the South of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Meili Dai ◽  
Xiaogang Dai ◽  
Shuxian Li ◽  
Tongming Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Primary Identification

scholarly journals Productivity and Profitability of Poplars on Fertile and Marginal Sandy Soils under Different Density and Fertilization Treatments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Solomon B. Ghezehei ◽  
Alexander L. Ewald ◽  
Dennis W. Hazel ◽  
Ronald S. Zalesny ◽  
Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Chrysomela Scripta ◽  
Beetle Damage

We evaluated the productivity and profitability of four highly productive poplars including Populus deltoides × P. deltoides (DD ‘140’ and ‘356’), P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii (DM ‘230’), and P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (TD ‘185’) under two densities (2500 and 5000 trees ha−1), and three fertilization treatments (0, 113, 225 kg nitrogen ha−1) at three sandy coastal sites varying in soil quality. Green stem biomass (GSB) was estimated from the sixth-year stem diameter. Leaf-rust (Melampsora castagne) and beetle damage (by Chrysomela scripta Fabricius), the leaf area index (LAI) and foliar nitrogen, were measured in year two. At all sites, DD and DM had higher survival (>93%) than TD (62–83%). DD produced greater GSB (92.5–219.1 Mg ha−1) than DM (54–60.2 Mg ha−1) and TD (16.5–48.9 Mg ha−1), and this was greater under the higher density (85.9–148.6 Mg ha−1 vs. 55.9–124.9 Mg ha−1). Fertilization significantly increased GSB on fertile soil but not marginal soils; a higher rate did not significantly enhance GSB. Leaf rust was higher for fertile soil (82%) than marginal soils (20–22%), and TD ‘185’ (51% vs. others 34%). C. scripta damage was higher for the higher density (+42%) than lower density, and TD ‘185’ (50% vs. others >38%). LAI was higher on fertile soil (1.85 m2 m−2) than marginal soils (1.35–1.64 m2 m−2), and under the lower density (1.67 m2 m−2 vs. 1.56 m2 m−2). The high GSB producer DD ‘356’ had the lowest LAI (1.39 m2 m−2 vs. 1.80 m2 m−2). Foliar nitrogen varied among genomic groups (DD ‘140’ 1.95%; TD ‘185’ 1.80%). Our plots were unprofitable at a 27 USD Mg−1 delivered price; the biggest profitability barriers were the high costs of higher density establishment and weed control. The best-case treatment combinations of DD (‘140’, ‘356’) would be cost-effective if the price increased by 50% (USD 37.54 Mg−1) or rotations were 12 years (fertile-soil) and longer (marginal soils). The requirement for cost-effectiveness of poplars includes stringent and site-specific weed control which are more important than fertilizer applications.

The effect of ozone on cottonwood – leaf rust interactions: independence of abiotic stress, genotype, and leaf ontogeny

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman ◽  
Clive G. Jones ◽  
William H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood

The interaction of an acute ozone dose, plant genotype, and leaf ontogeny on the development of cottonwood leaf rust on eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was investigated. A rust-resistant (ST 66) and a rust-susceptible (ST 109) clone were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or were fumigated with 393 μg m−3 (0.20 ppm) ozone for 5 h. Forty hours after fumigation, leaf material of different developmental ages was inoculated with urediospores of Melampsora medusae Thum., and uredia production was measured after 10 days. Ozone fumigation of cottonwoods significantly reduced uredia production by M. medusae on both clones and all leaf ages without causing visible leaf injury or measurable changes in cottonwood height growth, leaf production, leaf length, or root/shoot biomass. Uredia production was strongly affected by ozone treatment, cottonwood genotype, and leaf age, but interactions among these three factors did not occur.

scholarly journals Bulked Segregant Analysis Identifies Molecular Markers Linked to Melampsora medusae Resistance in Populus deltoides

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Tabor ◽  
T. L. Kubisiak ◽  
N. B. Klopfenstein ◽  
R. B. Hall ◽  
H. S. McNabb McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
The North ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Central United States

In the north central United States, leaf rust caused by Melampsora medusae is a major disease problem on Populus deltoides. In this study we identified molecular markers linked to a M. medusae resistance locus (Lrd1) that was segregating 1:1 within an intraspecific P. deltoides family (C9425DD). Previous field results were confirmed in the controlled environment of a growth chamber through an excised whole-leaf inoculation method. Using bulked segregant analysis we identified two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (OPG10340 and OPZ191800) that are linked to Lrd1. Based on segregation in a total of 116 progeny, the genetic distances between OPG10340 and OPZ191800 and the resistance locus were estimated as 2.6 and 7.4 Haldane centimorgans (cM), respectively. Multipoint linkage analyses strongly suggest the most likely order for these loci is Lrd1, OPG10340, and OPZ191800. These markers may prove to be instrumental in the eventual cloning of Lrd1, as well as for marker-assisted selection of leaf-rust resistant genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Xiaohua Su ◽  
Qinjun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Background Black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the keystone forest tree species, and has become the main breeding parents in poplar hybrid breeding. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the introduced resources are not fully understood. Results In the present study, five loci containing null alleles were excluded and 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 384 individuals from six provenances (Missouri, Iowa, Washington, Louisiana, and Tennessee (USA), and Quebec in Canada) of P. deltoides. Ultimately, 108 alleles (Na) were detected; the expected heterozygosity (He) per locus ranged from 0.070 to 0.905, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.535. The provenance ‘Was’ had a relatively low genetic diversity, while ‘Que’, ‘Lou’, and ‘Ten’ provenances had high genetic diversity, with Shannon’s information index (I) above 1.0. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) were 0.129 and 1.931, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.88% of the genetic variation originated from individuals. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE cluster analysis, individuals distributed in the Mississippi River Basin were roughly classified as one group, while those distributed in the St. Lawrence River Basin and Columbia River Basin were classified as another group. The cluster analysis based on the population level showed that provenance ‘Iow’ had a small gene flow and high degree of genetic differentiation compared with the other provenances, and was classified into one group. There was a significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance. Conclusions P. deltoides resources have high genetic diversity and there is a moderate level of genetic differentiation among provenances. Geographical isolation and natural conditions may be the main factors causing genetic differences among individuals. Individuals reflecting population genetic information can be selected to build a core germplasm bank. Meanwhile, the results could provide theoretical support for the scientific management and efficient utilization of P. deltoides genetic resources, and promote the development of molecular marker-assisted breeding of poplar.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Xiaohua Su ◽  
Qinjun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Background: Black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the keystone forest tree species, and has become the main breeding parents in poplar hybrid breeding. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the introduced resources are not fully understood. Results: In the present study, five loci containing null alleles were excluded and 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 384 individuals from six provenances of P. deltoides. Ultimately, 108 alleles (Na) were detected; the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.070 to 0.905, and the average locus polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5354. The provenance ‘Was’ had the lowest genetic diversity, while ‘Que’, ‘Lou’, and ‘Ten’ provenances had high genetic diversity, with Shannon's information index (I) above 1.0. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) were 0.129 and 1.931 respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.88% of the genetic variation originated from individuals. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE cluster analysis, clones distributed in Mississippi River Basin were roughly classified as one group, while those distributed in the St. Lawrence River Basin and Columbia River Basin were classified as another group. The cluster analysis based on the population level showed that provenance ‘Iow’ had a smaller gene flow and higher degree of genetic differentiation compared with the other provenances, and was classified into one group. There was no significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance. Conclusions: P. deltoides resources have high genetic diversity and there is a moderate level of genetic differentiation among provenances. Geographical isolation and natural conditions may be the main factors causing genetic differences among individuals; however, the genetic variation among provenances has no clear correlation with their geographical locations. Clones reflecting population genetic information can be selected to build a core resource bank, which could provide effective protection and promote the scientific utilization of the P. deltoids resource, laying a solid foundation for poplar breeding.

scholarly journals Virulence Phenotypes of Puccinia triticina in the South Atlantic States in 1999

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Collections of Puccinia triticina were made from rust-infected wheat leaves in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia in 1999 to examine if these states can be considered as a single epidemiological unit for virulence phenotypes of the wheat leaf rust pathogen. Singleuredinial isolates derived from the leaf rust collections were processed for identification of virulence phenotypes on seedling plants in greenhouse tests. Twenty-one virulence phenotypes from 253 isolates were described based on infection type to 16 Thatcher wheat lines near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Virulence phenotype MBRK (virulent to leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr30, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the most common phenotype in the region, at 38.7% of all isolates. Phenotype TLGF (virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr11, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the second most common phenotype overall, at 33.8% of isolates. Twenty-nine isolates selected on the basis of seedling virulence phenotypes also were tested for virulence to adult wheat plants with the resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b, and Lr34. In all, 23 isolates were avirulent to Lr12 and 26 isolates were virulent to Lr13. All isolates had fewer and smaller uredinia on the Thatcher line with Lr34 compared with Thatcher. The widespread occurrence of the predominant P. triticina virulence phenotypes throughout the region indicated that the South Atlantic states should be considered as a single epidemiological area for wheat leaf rust. Some virulence phenotypes which occurred at lower frequencies were found primarily in the Coastal Plain and mountains of North Carolina or in breeding plots in southern Georgia. Localized populations of P. triticina may develop in the South Atlantic region due to overwintering of leaf rust infections or specific selection by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Xiaohua Su ◽  
Qinjun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Background: Black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the keystone forest tree species, and has become the main breeding parents in poplar hybrid breeding. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the introduced resources are not fully understood. Results: In the present study, five loci containing null alleles were excluded and 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 384 individuals from six provenances of P. deltoides. Ultimately, 108 alleles (Na) were detected; the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.070 to 0.905, and the average locus polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5354. The provenance ‘Was’ had the lowest genetic diversity, while ‘Que’, ‘Lou’, and ‘Ten’ provenances had high genetic diversity, with Shannon's information index (I) above 1.0. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) were 0.129 and 1.931 respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.88% of the genetic variation originated from individuals. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE cluster analysis, clones distributed in Mississippi River Basin were roughly classified as one group, while those distributed in the St. Lawrence River Basin and Columbia River Basin were classified as another group. The cluster analysis based on the population level showed that provenance ‘Iow’ had a smaller gene flow and higher degree of genetic differentiation compared with the other provenances, and was classified into one group. There was no significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance. Conclusions: P. deltoides resources have high genetic diversity and there is a moderate level of genetic differentiation among provenances. Geographical isolation and natural conditions may be the main factors causing genetic differences among individuals; however, the genetic variation among provenances has no clear correlation with their geographical locations. Clones reflecting population genetic information can be selected to build a core resource bank, which could provide effective protection and promote the scientific utilization of the P. deltoids resource, laying a solid foundation for poplar breeding.

EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT RESISTANCE GENES TO BROWN RUST IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE CENTRAL DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Medvedeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
The South ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Central District

On artificial infectious backgrounds, the change in the local population of leaf rust was monitored using isogenic lines. The study was carried out on 33 such lines of Thatcher spring wheat in 2018-2019, 2021.

Floods, fire, and ice: disturbance ecology of riparian cottonwoodsThe review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Rood ◽  
Lori A. Goater ◽  
John M. Mahoney ◽  
Cheryl M. Pearce ◽  
Derald G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Populus Species

Cottonwoods are poplar trees that are well adapted to dynamic riparian, or streamside, zones throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Here we assess the influences of three prominent physical disturbances, floods, fire, and ice, on cottonwood population ecology. We emphasize cottonwoods along rivers from the “Crown of the Continent”, the central Rocky Mountain zone around the Canada – United States border, where five Populus species overlap and four hybridize. Moderate to major floods scour banks and deposit bars, creating barren and moist colonization sites that are essential for cottonwood seedling recruitment. Floods also scarify shallow roots, thus promoting clonal suckering, especially for the section Tacamahaca species: narrowleaf cottonwood ( Populus angustifolia James), balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L.), and black cottonwood ( Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray). Fire would naturally be less frequent in some riparian zones because of the moist conditions and firebreaks provided by the streams, but with human use, floodplain forest fires have probably increased. Following fire, regrowth through clonal root and shoot suckers can be prolific for the Tacamahaca species, but is limited for the section Aigeiros , prairie cottonwood ( Populus deltoides Bartr.). River ice, and especially ice drives that accompany winter or spring break-up, provide powerful riparian disturbances that have often been neglected. Ice drives generate barren sites for seedling colonization, shear shoots, and scarify roots promoting shoot and root suckering, and sever branches, enabling dispersive clonal branch propagation. Following studies along many regional rivers, we conclude that: (i) riparian cottonwoods are tolerant of, and dependent upon, occasional physical disturbance for population rejuvenation; (ii) differing disturbance responses contribute to niche differentiation across the Populus species; (iii) different disturbances enable varied spatial and temporal patterns of cottonwood establishment, including fringe, general, and patch recruitment; and (iv) natural disturbance regimes probably favor native cottonwoods and disfavor some invasive, woody plants. River damming and flow regulation often attempt to attenuate flood and ice disturbance, a management objective that may hinder the perpetuation of native floodplain forests. We recommend that river resource managers seek to allow flood and ice disturbance, and additionally, fire may provide a managed disturbance that could rejuvenate overmature cottonwood groves along some regulated rivers.

scholarly journals Short Communication. Virulence of barley leaf rust in the South of Russia in 2017-2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. e10SC01-e10SC01
Author(s):  
Anastasiya V. Danilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
The South ◽  
Barley Leaf Rust ◽  
Russian Region ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Aim of study: To analyze the structure of Puccinia hordei populations by virulence in southern Russia during 2017-2019. Area of study: South of Russia, the leading Russian region for barley production where barley leaf rust is an important foliar disease. Material and methods: Uredinial samples of P. hordei were collected at the production sites of winter barley in the south of Russia. Single uredinial isolates (total 95) were tested for virulence with 17 differentials with Rph resistance genes. Main results: No isolates found virulent to the host line with the Rph13 gene. There was a decrease in the number of fungal isolates virulent to the host lines with Rph5 and Rph7 genes. In 2017 and 2019, isolates containing a large number of virulence alleles (from 11 to 15) prevailed. In 2018, isolates with low (1-5) and medium (6-10) frequency of virulent alleles prevailed, as well as avirulent isolates. The values of the Nei index via diversity showed high similarity of the pathogen populations in 2017-2018 (N = 0.05) and minor differences in 2017-2019 and 2018-2019 (N = 0.13 and 0.16, respectively). The greatest frequency of virulence alleles in accordance with the Nei (Hs) index was noted for the 2018 population (Hs = 0.36). For the 2017 and 2019 populations, this indicator was average (Hs = 0.29 and 0.20, respectively). Research highlights: Analysis of genetics of the P. hopdei population is important for the strategy of varietal distribution in the region and development of rust-resistant cultivars.

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