scholarly journals Structure formation in dilute solutions of ionic species.

MEMBRANE ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Norio ISE
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions

Thallium and Tin Electrode Potentials in Fused LiCl–KCl Eutectic

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Shafir ◽  
James A. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Electrode Potentials

Electrode potentials of thallium and tin couples were measured in dilute solutions of the ionic species in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic, at 450 °C. Standard molar electrode potentials of the Tl(III)/Tl(I) and Sn(IV)/Sn(II) couples are +0.155 and −0.310 V against a standard molar platinum reference electrode (s.m.p.e.). The standard potentials of the Tl(III)/Tl(0) and Sn(IV)/Sn(0) couples were calculated to be −0.385 and −0.964 V, respectively, vs. the s.m.p.e.

Ruthenium and Arsenic Electrode Potentials in Fused LiCl–KCl Eutectic

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (23) ◽  
pp. 3911-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Folkman ◽  
James A. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Electrode Potentials

Electrode potentials of the Ru(III)/Ru(0) and As(III)/As(0) systems were measured in dilute solutions of the ionic species in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic at 450 °C. Standard molar electrode potentials of these couples of −0.107 ± 0.007 V and −0.460 ± 0.017 V against a standard molar platinum electrode were calculated. The As(V)/As(III) potential was found to be beyond the potential range of the melt.

Gallium and indium electrode potentials in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 2131-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Shafir ◽  
James A. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Species ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
Indium Electrode ◽  
Fused Salt

Electrode potentials of indium and gallium couples have been measured in dilute solutions of the ionic species in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic at 450 °C. Standard molar electrode potentials of the observed couples are −1.210, −0.944, and −1.136 V against a standard molar platinum reference for the In(I)–In(0), In(III)–In(I), and Ga(III)–Ga(0) couples, respectively. These oxidation states and potentials are compared with previous work in this and other fused salt systems.

Gravimetrie Interdiffusion Studies of the NaNO3—AgNO3 and NaNO3-RbNO3 Fused Salt Mixtures

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Andréasson ◽  
Anders Behn ◽  
Carl-Axel Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Interdiffusion Coefficient ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Complex Ion ◽  
Fused Salt

The interdiffusion coefficient has been measured over the whole range of compositions in the NaNO3 -AgNO3 and NaNO3 - RbNO3 molten salt mixtures, using an improved version of the gravimetric interdiffusion technique. At 340 °C the interdiffusion coefficient is about 2.3 × 10-5 cm2 s-1 in mixtures with a high NaNO3 content. It increases slightly with increasing AgNO3 content and decreases with increasing RbNOs content. Good agreement is found with data obtained with other methods. There is evidence that the interdiffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the cation radii in the melt. Interionic friction coefficients are calculated. Only three ionic species are present in dilute solutions of AgNO3 and RbNO3 in NaNO3 but there is evidence of “complex ion formation” in dilute solutions of NaNO3 in AgNO3 and in RbNO3.

Interdiffusion in Dilute Solutions of Silver Nitrate in Alkali Nitrates

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1774-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Axel Sjöblom ◽  
Anders Behn
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Optical Method ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Good Agreement

The ordinary diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions of AgNO8 molten in LiNO8, NaNO8, KNO8, RbNO8, and CsNO8 have been measured with a porous frit technique. The results can be summarized in Arrhenius equations:Solvent:LiNO3 DV12 = 7.00 × 10-3 exp{-7270/RT} (272-399°C)NaNO3 DV12 = 2.23 × 10-3 exp{5430/RT} (310-382°C)KNO3 DV12 = 0.354 × 10-3 exp{-3530/RT} (337-386°C)RbNOO3 DV12 = 4.00 × 10-3 exp{-6670/RT} (317-384°C)CsNOO3 DV12 = 2.88 × 10-5 (428°C)where DV12 is expressed in cm2 s-1, R in cal mole-1 degree-1, and T in degrees Kelvin. The results are in good agreement with chronopotentiometric data on the AgNO3—NaNO3 and AgNO3—CsNO3 systems 1 and also with some recent data on the AgNO3—NaNO3, AgNO3—KNO3, and AgNO3 — RbNO3 systems obtained with an optical method 2. Interionic friction coefficients are calculated. Only three ionic species are present in the AgNO3—LiNO3, AgNO3—NaNO3, and AgNO3—KNO3 mixtures while there is evidence of “complex ions” in AgNO3—RbNO3 and AgNO3—CsNO3.

Beryllium and scandium electrode potentials in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Electrode Potentials

Electrode potentials of the Be(II)–Be(0) and Sc(III)–Sc(0) systems were measured in dilute solutions of the ionic species in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic at 450 °C. Standard molar electrode potentials of these couples of −2.039 ± 0.013 V and −2.553 ± 0.015 V against a standard molar platinum reference were calculated. It was shown by voltammetric and chronopotentiometric methods that the equilibrium [Formula: see text] suggested by previous authors was not significant in this medium.

Ultraviolet Absorption of Refractory Elements by a Dual Laser Plasma Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
J.T. Costello ◽  
W.G. Lynam ◽  
P.K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Optical Pulse ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Plasma Method ◽  
Plasma Technique ◽  
Refractory Elements ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Dual Laser

AbstractThe dual laser-produced plasma technique for the study of ionic absorption spectra has been developed by the use of two Q-switched ruby lasers to enable independent generation of the absorbing and back-lighting plasmas. Optical pulse handling is used in the coupling cicuits to enable reproducible pulse delays from 250 nsec. to 10 msec, to be achieved. At delay times > 700 nsec. spectra of essentially pure neutral species are observed. The technique is valuable, not only for obtaining the neutral spectra of highly refractory and/or corrosive materials but also for studying behaviour of ionic species as a function of time. Typical spectra are shown in Fig. 1.

Effects of Electrical Discharges in Low Pressure Gases on the Morphology of Polyethylene Crystals

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
L.H. Bolz ◽  
D.H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Power Distribution Lines ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

The attack, on the surface of a polymer, by the atomic, molecular and ionic species that are created in a low pressure electrical discharge in a gas is interesting because: 1) significant interior morphological features may be revealed, 2) dielectric breakdown of polymeric insulation on high voltage power distribution lines involves the attack on the polymer of such species created in a corona discharge, 3) adhesive bonds formed between polymer surfaces subjected to such SDecies are much stronger than bonds between untreated surfaces, 4) the chemical modification of the surface creates a reactive surface to which a thin layer of another polymer may be bonded by glow discharge polymerization.

The observation of nano-voids in Au thin films

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Chain Defects ◽  
Vacancy Chains ◽  
Au Thin Films

It has long been known that defects such as stacking faults and voids can be quenched from various alloyed metals heated to near their melting point. Today it is common practice to irradiate samples with various ionic species of rare gases which also form voids containing solidified phases of the same atomic species, e.g. ref. 3. Equivalently, electron irradiation has been used to produce damage events, e.g. ref. 4. Generally all of the above mentioned studies have relied on diffraction contrast to observe the defects produced down to a dimension of perhaps 10 to 20Å. Also all these studies have used ions or electrons which exceeded the damage threshold for knockon events. In the case of higher resolution studies the present author has identified vacancy and interstitial type chain defects in ion irradiated Si and was able to identify both di-interstitial and di-vacancy chains running through the foil.

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