scholarly journals Wind Loads for Designing Cylindrical Storage Tanks Part 1 Characteristics of Wind Pressure and Force Distributions

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei YASUNAGA ◽  
Choongmo KOO ◽  
Yasushi UEMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Storage Tanks

Consideration of Wind Loads in Fitness for Service Assessment of Storage Tanks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gys van Zyl ◽  
Stewart Long
Keyword(s):  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Wind Actions ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Cylindrical Tanks ◽  
Direct Guidance

Abstract Wind actions are important to consider when performing fitness for service assessment on storage tanks with damage. Tank design codes typically have rules where a design wind velocity is used to determine required dimensions and spacing of wind girders, and a uniform wind pressure is used to evaluate tank anchorage for uplift and overturning due to wind actions. These rules are of little use in a fitness for service assessment of localized damage, as the actual distribution of wind pressure on the wall and roof of a cylindrical tank is far from constant, and a better evaluation of the wind pressure distribution is desired when performing a level 3 fitness for service assessment. API 579/ASME FFS-1 provides no direct guidance relating to the application of wind loading but refers to the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard ASCE/SEI 7. Other international codes relating to wind loads, such as Eurocode EN-1991-1-4 and Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170.2 also contain guidance for the evaluation of wind actions on cylindrical tanks. This paper will present a review of these international codes by comparing their guidance for wind actions on cylindrical tanks, with specific emphasis on how this may affect a level 3 fitness for service assessment of a damaged storage tank.

Wind Effects on Sloshing of a Floating Roof in a Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tank

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Matsui ◽  
Yasushi Uematsu ◽  
Koji Kondo ◽  
Takuo Wakasa ◽  
Takashi Nagaya
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank ◽  
Linear Potential Theory

Sloshing of a floating roof in an open-topped cylindrical liquid storage tank under wind loads is investigated analytically. Wind tunnel test in a turbulent boundary layer is carried out to measure the wind pressure distributing over the roof surface. The measured data for the wind pressure is then utilized to predict the wind-induced dynamic response of the floating roof, which is idealized herein as an isotropic elastic plate of uniform stiffness and mass. The dynamic interaction between the liquid and the floating roof is taken into account exactly within the framework of linear potential theory. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the significant effect of wind loads on the sloshing response of the floating roof.

scholarly journals Study of Wind Loads and Wind Speed Amplifications on High-Rise Building with Opening by Numerical Simulation and Wind Tunnel Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Fu-Bin Chen ◽  
Xiao-Lu Wang ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Bo Li ◽  
Qiu-Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
The Mean

High-rise buildings are very sensitive to wind excitations, and wind-induced responses have always been the key factors for structural design. Facade openings have often been used as aerodynamic measures for wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings to meet the requirement of structural safety and comfort. Obvious wind speed amplifications can also be observed inside the openings. Therefore, implementing wind turbines in the openings is of great importance for the utilization of abundant wind energy resources in high-rise buildings and the development of green buildings. Based on numerical simulation and wind tunnel testing, the wind loads and wind speed amplifications on high-rise buildings with openings are investigated in detail. The three-dimensional numerical simulation for wind effects on high-rise building with openings was firstly carried out on FLUENT 15.0 platform by SST k − ε model. The mean wind pressure coefficients and the wind flow characteristics were obtained. The wind speed amplifications at the opening were analyzed, and the distribution law of wind speed in the openings is presented. Meanwhile, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted to assess the mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients in high-rise building models with various opening rates. The variation of wind pressure distribution at typical measuring layers with wind direction was analyzed. Finally, the wind speed amplifications in the openings were studied and verified by the numerical simulation results.

Structural Analysis of Ground Mounted Solar Panel Array

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashhar Tufail ◽  
Barun Pratiher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Drag And Lift

In the current study, CFD simulations and static structural analysis were carried out to estimate the wind loads for up and downstream wind directions on ground mounted arrayed solar panels. The goal of simulations is to estimate the loads (i.e. drag and lift forces and also moment coefficients) and wind pressure that act upon their surface. Static structural analysis coupled with CFD simulation is done to determine the total deformation due to wind loads on each panel. The motive of the study is to protect the integrity of the solar panels in a situation like cyclone and typhoon so that energy production is not hindered throughout their service life. Simulations were carried out on arrayed nine panels with changing various parameters (i.e. clearance height, inter row spacing between panels and panel inclination) that effect wind loading on the panels.

WIND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON LOW-RISE BUILDINGS WITH CYLINDRICAL ROOFS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Verma ◽  
Ashok Kumar Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Available Information

Wind is one of the important loads to be considered while designing the roofs of low-rise buildings. The structural designers refer to relevant code of practices of various countries dealing with wind loads while designing building roofs. However, available information regarding wind pressure coefficients on cylindrical roofs is limited to single span only. Information about wind pressure coefficients on multi-span cylindrical roofs is not available in standards on wind loads. Present paper describes the details of the experimental study carried out on the models of low-rise buildings with multi-span cylindrical roofs in an open circuit boundary layer wind tunnel. Wind pressure values are measured at many pressure points made on roof surface of the rigid models under varying wind incidence angles. Two cases namely, single-span and two-span are considered. The experimental results are presented in the form of contours of mean wind pressure coefficients. Results presented in the paper are of great use for the structural designers while designing buildings with cylindrical roofs. These values can also be used by the experts responsible for revising wind loading codes from time to time.

Correlation and Combination Factors of Wind Forces on Cylindrical Roof Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 1750104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Pengpeng Zhong ◽  
Weihua Cheng ◽  
Xinzhong Chen ◽  
Qingshan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Side Wall ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Wind Pressures

The correlations among wind pressures on roof and walls are examined for the cylindrical roof buildings with different rise-span ratios based on wind tunnel data. Wind-induced dynamic response is also analyzed with a parametric study concerning span length, rise-span ratio, stiffness of supporting frames and connection type between roof and supporting frames, where the roof system is a single-layer cylindrical reticular shell. For both roof and supporting frames, the responses induced by vertical wind loads on the roof and by horizontal wind loads on the walls are investigated. The correlation coefficients of these response components are examined. The results showed that the fluctuating wind pressure on the roof is strongly correlated with the wind pressure on the side wall and the leeward wall, but weakly correlated with the wind pressure on the windward wall. The response of roof and supporting frames caused by the wind loads on the roof is much larger than that of wind loads on the walls. On the bases of a comprehensive parameter study and complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule, a practical simplified combination rule is suggested for estimating response of roof and supporting frames. It is given as sum of response component caused by wind load on roof and that of wind load on walls multiplied with a combination factor of [Formula: see text].

Program for the Analysis of Wind-Induced Vibration of Steel Roof Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
Wei Guo Yang ◽  
Yao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Frequency Domain Method ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Wind Vibration ◽  
Vertical Winds ◽  
Wind Induced Vibration ◽  
Steel Roof

Wind loads are key considerations in the structural design of steel roof structures, especially for large span ones. The analysis of wind loads on large span steel roof structure (LSSRS) requires large amounts of calculations. Due to combined effects of horizontal and vertical winds, the wind induced vibrations of LSSRS are analyzed with the frequency domain method as the first application of the method for the analysis of wind responses of LSSRS. A program is developed to analyze the wind-induced vibrations due to a combination of wind vibration modes. The program, which predicts the wind vibration coefficient and wind pressure acting on the LSSRS, is designed with input and output interfaces to other finite element software, resulting in preferably solving the wind load analytical problem in the design of LSSRS. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method and the program are verified by numerical analyses of practical projects.

Estimation of Dynamic Wind Pressure for Multi-Span Greenhouse Structural Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
De Fa Sun
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Gust Factor ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Contrast Analysis

Based on the contrast analysis of loads provided in foreign and China standards, analysis and discussion are mentioned about the definition and estimation of dynamic wind pressures for multi-span greenhouse structural design in details. Meanwhile, taking advantage of past experience in greenhouse structural design a practical method which can be used in greenhouse design was given for wind loads. Under the present conditions, it is relative safety in calculation wind loads according to Load code for the design of building structures (GB 50009-2001), yet it is unnecessary to make modification of statistical reappearing factor in calculation wind load-dynamic pressure when considering the coefficients of wind pressure depending on height and the gust factor according to Greenhouse structure design load (GB/T 18622-2002).

Wind Load Characteristics of Tall Building with Atrium

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
Yong Gui Li ◽  
Q.S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Opening Ratio ◽  
Wind Pressures

Wind tunnel test of 1:500 rigid model of tall building with atrium was carried out. Based on the experimental results, characteristics of wind pressures on atrium facades and wind loads on the structure were investigated in detail. The results show that the formation of flow separation on the building top plays a critical role in the generation of wind pressures on the atrium facades. Meanwhile, wind pressure coefficient distributions on the atrium facades are found to be relatively uniform. Moreover, the horizontal and vertical correlations of pressure coefficient exhibit high at most locations on atrium facades. With the increasing of the opening ratio, the mean wind pressure coefficients first decreased and then stabilized, and the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients first decreased and then increased. A design guideline for the wind-resistant design of atrium facades was proposed, and the results predicted by the proposed guideline were in good agreement with those from the wind tunnel tests, indicating that the proposed guideline can be used in engineering applications. When the opening ratio is no more than 5.33%, the effect of the facade pressures within the atrium on the wind loads on the structure can be ignored. For such cases, the wind-resistant design for a tall building with atrium can refer to that of a similar shape tall building without atrium.

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