Functional analysis of green algal β-carotene ketolases and metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in higher plants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Β Carotene

Metabolic Engineering of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Enhanced β-Carotene and Lutein Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 1457-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant Pralhad Rathod ◽  
Chaitali Vira ◽  
Arvind M. Lali ◽  
Gunjan Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Lutein Production

Metabolic engineering of β-carotene biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Kai Zhang ◽  
Dan-Ni Wang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Zhi-Jie Liu ◽  
Liu-Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals The Lichens’ Microbiota, Still a Mystery?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grimm ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
Ulf Schiefelbein ◽  
Daniela Zühlke ◽  
Jörg Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Lichen Symbiosis ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Ecological Continuity

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis in general and especially on the model species Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., which is a large foliose lichen that occurs worldwide on tree trunks in undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison to many other lichens, L. pulmonaria is less tolerant to desiccation and highly sensitive to air pollution. The name-giving mycobiont (belonging to the Ascomycota), provides a protective layer covering a layer of the green-algal photobiont (Dictyochloropsis reticulata) and interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters (Nostoc spec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses confirm the partition of functions in lichen partnerships. The ample functional diversity of the mycobiont contrasts the predominant function of the photobiont in production (and secretion) of energy-rich carbohydrates, and the cyanobiont’s contribution by nitrogen fixation. In addition, high throughput and state-of-the-art metagenomics and community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, and MS-based metaproteomics identify the bacterial community present on L. pulmonaria as a surprisingly abundant and structurally integrated element of the lichen symbiosis. Comparative metaproteome analyses of lichens from different sampling sites suggest the presence of a relatively stable core microbiome and a sampling site-specific portion of the microbiome. Moreover, these studies indicate how the microbiota may contribute to the symbiotic system, to improve its health, growth and fitness.

Identification of Polycistronic Transcriptional Units and Non-canonical Introns in Green Algal Chloroplasts Based on Long-read RNA Sequencing Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zou ◽  
Heroen Verbruggen ◽  
Tianjingwei Li ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera ◽  
Transcriptional Units ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Algal Chloroplast

Abstract Background: Chloroplasts are important semi-autonomous organelles in plants and algae. Unlike higher plants, the chloroplast genomes of green algal linage have distinct features both in organization and expression. Despite the architecture of chloroplast genome have been extensively studied in higher plants and several model species of algae, little is known about transcriptional features in green algal lineages. Results: Based on full-length cDNA (Iso-Seq) sequencing, we identified widely co-transcribed polycistronic transcriptional units (PTUs) in the green alga Caulerpa lentillifera. In addition to clusters of genes from the same pathway, we identified a series of PTUs of up to nine genes whose function in the plastid is not understood. The RNA data further allowed us to confirm widespread expression of fragmented genes and conserved open reading frames, which are both important features in green algal chloroplast genomes. In addition, a newly fragmented gene specific to C. lentillifera was discovered, which may represent a recent gene fragmentation event in chloroplast genome.Taking the accurate exon-intron boundary information, gene structural annotation was greatly improved across the siphonous green algae lineages. Our data also revealed a type of non-canonical Group II introns, with a deviant secondary structure and intronic ORFs lacking known splicing or mobility domains. These widespread introns have conserved positions in their genes and are excised precisely despite lacking clear consensus intron boundaries.Conclusion: Our study fills important knowledge gaps in chloroplast genome organization and transcription in green algae, and providing new insights into expression of polycistronic transcripts, freestanding ORFs and fragmented genes in algal chloroplast genomes. Moreover, we revealed an unusual type of Group II intron with distinct features and conserved positions in Bryopsidales. Our data represents interesting additions to knowledge of chloroplast intron structure and highlights clusters of uncharacterized genes that probably play important roles in plastid.

Biological soil crusts in continental Antarctica: Garwood Valley, southern Victoria Land, and Diamond Hill, Darwin Mountains region

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Colesie ◽  
Maxime Gommeaux ◽  
T.G. Allan Green ◽  
Burkhard Büdel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Continental Antarctica

AbstractBiological soil crusts are associations of lichens, mosses, algae, cyanobacteria, microfungi and bacteria in different proportions forming a thin veneer within the top centimetres of soil surfaces. They occur in all biomes, but particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, even in the most extreme climates. They carry out crucial ecosystem functions, such as soil stabilization, influencing water and nutrient cycles, and contribute to the formation of microniches for heterotrophic life. In continental Antarctica especially, these roles are essential because no higher plants provide such ecosystem services. We provide a detailed description of biological soil crusts from Garwood Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys region (78°S) and Diamond Hill (80°S) in the Darwin Mountains region. The coverage was low at 3.3% and 0.8% of the soil surface. At Garwood Valley the crusts were composed of green algal lichens, cyanobacteria, several species of green algae and the mossHennediella heimii(Hedw.) R.H. Zander. Diamond Hill crusts appear to be unique in not having any species of cyanobacteria. Major parts are embedded in the soil, and their thickness correlates with higher chlorophyll contents, higher soil organic carbon and nitrogen, which are fundamental components of this species poor cold desert zone.

scholarly journals Comparison of solvent regimes for the extraction of photosynthetic pigments from leaves of higher plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie L. Dunn ◽  
Johanna D. Turnbull ◽  
Sharon A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Single Extraction ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Single Extractions

The relative efficiency of methanol- and acetone-based solvents for the extraction of pigments from photosynthetic tissues of plant was compared, together with the advantages of multiple versus single extractions. The two commonly employed triple acetone extractions (100 : 80 : 80% and 85 : 100 : 100%) performed comparably for most pigments and for all plant species tested. Single extractions with either 96% methanol or 85% acetone failed to extract the more hydrophobic pigments, especially β-carotene. We conclude that multiple extractions that combine pure and aqueous (80–85%) acetone are preferable for extraction of the full range of pigments. These results suggest that previous studies that have utilised aqueous methanol (especially in a single extraction) have probably underestimated the concentration of β-carotene relative to other pigments.

Conversion of lycopene to β-carotene by plastids isolated from higher plants

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2051-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Hill ◽  
S.K. Calderwood ◽  
L.J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Β Carotene
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