A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen-kwan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Tenant Mix

scholarly journals Integrating GIS-Based Point of Interest and Community Boundary Datasets for Urban Building Energy Modeling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Zhang Deng ◽  
Yixing Chen ◽  
Xiao Pan ◽  
Zhiwen Peng ◽  
Jingjing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Modeling ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Building Energy Modeling ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Point Of Interest

Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is arousing interest in building energy modeling, which requires a large building dataset as an input. Building use is a critical parameter to infer archetype buildings for UBEM. This paper presented a case study to determine building use for city-scale buildings by integrating the Geographic Information System (GIS) based point-of-interest (POI) and community boundary datasets. A total of 68,966 building footprints, 281,767 POI data, and 3367 community boundaries were collected for Changsha, China. The primary building use was determined when a building was inside a community boundary (i.e., hospital or residential boundary) or the building contained POI data with main attributes (i.e., hotel or office building). Clustering analysis was used to divide buildings into sub-types for better energy performance evaluation. The method successfully identified building uses for 47,428 buildings among 68,966 building footprints, including 34,401 residential buildings, 1039 office buildings, 141 shopping malls, and 932 hotels. A validation process was carried out for 7895 buildings in the downtown area, which showed an overall accuracy rate of 86%. A UBEM case study for 243 office buildings in the downtown area was developed with the information identified from the POI and community boundary datasets. The proposed building use determination method can be easily applied to other cities. We will integrate the historical aerial imagery to determine the year of construction for a large scale of buildings in the future.

scholarly journals Alliance for deep renovation in buildings. A step forward to the common European voluntary certification scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Johann Zirngibl ◽  
Carolina Mateo-Cecilia ◽  
Carlos Espigares-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
Voluntary Certification

The ALDREN project (ALliance for Deep RENovation in Buildings) is the extended development and the implementation of a common European Voluntary Certification Scheme (EVCS) for non-residential buildings based on the EPBD Art. 11 (9) and CEN / ISO standards. ALDREN is a coordination and support action (CSA). It focuses on existing tools and schemes (partly developed by the European Commission), on networking, standardization, awareness raising and communications. The main goal of ALDREN is to encourage the construction sector value chain stakeholders to undertake deep renovation projects on their properties. Issuing completed and verified Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) before and after renovation, are to contribute to the development of innovative financial valuation of building assets and financing instruments (e.g. integrating loans with differentiated interest rates) and establishing business case for deep renovation to motivate private investment. The core objectives of the ALDREN project are: • To provide a harmonized European energy performance rating methodology based on the European Voluntary Certification Scheme (EVCS) verified by measurements to increase comparability, confidence and market uptake by standardized solutions (CEN/ISO standards) at European scale; • To associate low energy renovation with high quality indoor environments to trigger renovation and to promote solutions supporting health and well-being; • To align market recognition of high quality with enhanced building value and capacity building. The ALDREN overarching outcome will be the infrastructure to enable market transformation for deep renovation and directly support the EU policies (EED, EPBD). Specific solutions and step-by-step renovation process will be integrated in a consistent, common way in a Building Renovation Passport (BRP). The ALDREN BRP will be aligned with the GABC (Global Alliance for Building and Construction) Building Passport initiative, seconded by DG Grow and DG Environment and with the current initiatives for residential buildings. The non-residential sector (office buildings and hotels) is to be considered as a first step. To demonstrate the ALDREN approach , the upgraded EVCS will be implemented in pilot office buildings and hotels in different climates over the European territory. However, the ALDREN approach could be adapted to other market sectors, in a further development. ALDREN renovation protocols may be used as individual modules in existing schemes or as standalone tool, being potentially overtaken by Member States of the European Union.

Professional standards and accounting change

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-225
Author(s):  
Andrew Derek Holt
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Code Compliance

Purpose – This research aims to continue previous work by the author in the field of commercial service charge management in the UK, offering a unique cross-sectoral comparison in this paper. While prior studies have approached only one sector, this study analyzes both retail and office sectors in the UK. It examines the financial reporting and administrative practices of managing agents and the overall quality of commercial service charge documents, through which it offers commentary on the standard of professional service in service charge provision. It achieves this by benchmarking performance achieved against the accounting requirements of the UK RICS Code of Practice, Service Charges in Commercial Property. Design/methodology/approach – Data were hand collected from analysis of actual service charge documents supplied to commercial retail occupiers at 100 UK office buildings and 100 UK shopping centres during the period of 2010-2013. This process ensures authenticity by removing reliance upon third-party reporting of the said data and offers a uniquely detailed longitudinal sample. Findings – Overall levels of compliance with the financial reporting requirements of the RICS Code of Practice for Commercial Service Charges were poor in both sectors over the period of 2010-2013. Of specific concern was the widespread failure to disclose the accounting policies used during the preparation of the service charge accounts; knowing whether the accounts are prepared using an accruals or cash basis is essential for occupier decision-making purposes. Overall, the results from this study contrast with claims by the professional body that levels of “best practice” are increasing across the service charge industry. Research limitations/implications – The work analyzes service charge documents prepared during 2010-2013 for 100 office buildings and 100 retail shopping centres located in the UK. While the sample sizes utilized are relatively small, the paper provides a unique in-depth longitudinal analysis of commercial service charge documents that produces findings with high levels of generalizability. Content analysis was utilized to interpret the data and required some subjective judgement by the researcher. Originality/value – The study provides a comprehensive longitudinal study of accounting and financial reporting practices for commercial service charges in the UK retail and office sectors. Sector data are original, and the paper provides a unique benchmarking approach for assessing Code compliance at each building. This structured longitudinal approach to benchmarking differs markedly from the largely anecdotal evidence offered by the profession when defending current levels of Code compliance. In addition, the paper also provides individual compliance scorecards for 695 service charge documents in order to assess compliance with nine “core” financial reporting requirements of the RICS Code. Its chief value lies in establishing actual practice standards that can be taken up as a driver for improvement – by tenants, agents, landlords and the wider profession.

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