Study on the role of osmotic stress, oxidative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-ho Chan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Stress Oxidative

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Is a Key Modulator in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yuanqiang Ma ◽  
Gyurim Lee ◽  
Su-Young Heo ◽  
Yoon-Seok Roh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
The Relationship

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and scientific studies consistently report that NAFLD development can be accelerated by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can induce the progression of NAFLD to NASH by stimulating Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes. Therefore, studies are underway to identify the role of antioxidants in the treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we have summarized the origins of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, the relationship between ROS and NAFLD, and have discussed the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and the presence of bacteria increase gene expression of the antimicrobial peptide aclasin, a fungal CSαβ defensin in Aspergillus clavatus

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Contreras ◽  
Nessa Wang ◽  
Holger Schäfer ◽  
Michael Wink
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Aspergillus Clavatus ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Fungal Defensin ◽  
Β Sheet

Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a broad class of naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds. Plants, invertebrates and fungi produce various AMPs as, for example, defensins. Most of these defensins are characterised by the presence of a cysteine-stabilised α-helical and β-sheet (CSαβ) motif. The changes in gene expression of a fungal CSαβ defensin by stress conditions were investigated in Aspergillus clavatus. A. clavatus produces the CSαβ defensin Aclasin, which is encoded by the aclasin gene. Methods Aclasin expression was evaluated in submerged mycelium cultures under heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress and the presence of bacteria by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Aclasin expression increased two fold under oxidative stress conditions and in the presence of viable and heat-killed Bacillus megaterium. Under heat shock and osmotic stress, aclasin expression decreased. Discussion The results suggest that oxidative stress and the presence of bacteria might regulate fungal defensin expression. Moreover, fungi might recognise microorganisms as plants and animals do.

scholarly journals Role of Silicon in Mediating Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xing Zhu ◽  
Hai-Jun Gong ◽  
Jun-Liang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Ion Imbalance ◽  
The Impact

Salt stress is a major threat for plant growth worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms of silicon in alleviating salt stress have been widely studied using physiological, molecular genetics, and genomic approaches. Recently, progresses have been made in elucidating the alleviative effects of silicon in salt-induced osmotic stress, Na toxicity, and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight recent development on the impact of silicon application on salt stress responses. Emphasis will be given to the following aspects. (1) Silicon transporters have been experimentally identified in different plant species and their structure feature could be an important molecular basis for silicon permeability. (2) Silicon could mediate salt-induced ion imbalance by (i) regulating Na+ uptake, transport, and distribution and (ii) regulating polyamine levels. (3) Si-mediated upregulation of aquaporin gene expression and osmotic adjustment play important roles in alleviating salinity-induced osmotic stress. (4) Silicon application direct/indirectly mitigates oxidative stress via regulating the antioxidant defense and polyamine metabolism. (5) Omics studies reveal that silicon could regulate plants’ response to salt stress by modulating the expression of various genes including transcription factors and hormone-related genes. Finally, research areas that require further investigation to provide a deeper understanding of the role of silicon in plants are highlighted.

scholarly journals The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase BcSak1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Pathogenic Development and Has Broad Regulatory Functions Beyond Stress Response

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Heller ◽  
Nadja Ruhnke ◽  
José Juan Espino ◽  
Michelli Massaroli ◽  
Isidro Gonzalez Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) BcSak1 of Botrytis cinerea is activated upon exposure to H2O2 and, hence, might be involved in coping with oxidative stress during infection. However, beside osmotic and oxidative stress sensitivity, Δbcsak1 mutants have a pleiotropic phenotype, as they do not produce conidia and are unable to penetrate unwounded host tissue. In this study, the role of BcSak1 was investigated in the stress response and during infection of French beans by Botrytis cinerea. Using a macroarray approach, it was shown that BcSak1 is only marginally involved in the specific oxidative stress response. In fact, the induction of several genes after oxidative stress treatment is BcSak1-dependent, but most of these genes are also induced under conditions of osmotic stress. The majority of genes regulated by BcSak1 are not involved in the stress response at all. Using a translational fusion of BcSak1 to green fluorescent protein, it was shown clearly that the localization of this MAPK depends on the type of stress being applied; it associates rapidly to the nucleus only under osmotic stress. Therefore, a model is proposed in which BcSak1 acts in the cytosol by activation of one or more transcription factors under oxidative stress and, at the same time, it reacts to osmotic stress by migrating to the nucleus. Interestingly, the MAPK is also involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism, as the major phytotoxins secreted by this fungus are reduced in the Δbcsak1 deletion mutant. Experiments done in planta underlined the essential role of BcSak1 in the early stages of infection, when it translocates to the nucleus and then changes to cytosolic distribution during hyphal growth within the tissue.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Bipolar Mood Disorder: An Important Yet Ambiguous Relationship

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rahsepar ◽  
Amirhooshang Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychological condition that disturbs many patients' lives around the world. The exact pathophysiology of bipolar disorder is yet unknown, but there are several hypotheses to explain this condition. One of the most challenging theories is the role of oxidative stress in the progression of bipolar disorder. Here, we conducted a narrative review to gather the studies that investigated the relationship between bipolar disorder and oxidative stress. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and google scholar databases using the following keywords: “bipolar disorder,” “oxidative stress,” “oxidative markers,” and “bipolar patients.”     A majority of studies showed that oxidative markers such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances are significantly higher in bipolar patients compared to healthy subjects. Based on the included articles, bipolar disorder is associated with oxidative stress. Nevertheless, further well-established Cohorts are required to support these results.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Promising Neuroprotectants for Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nan Yang ◽  
Qi-Wen Guan ◽  
Fang-Hui Chen ◽  
Qin-Xuan Xia ◽  
Xi-Xi Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
Cell Death Signaling ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Mitochondria are major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell and are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Oxidative damage to mitochondria results in disrupted mitochondrial function and cell death signaling, finally triggering diverse pathologies such as epilepsy, a common neurological disease characterized with aberrant electrical brain activity. Antioxidants are considered as promising neuroprotective strategies for epileptic condition via combating the deleterious effects of excessive ROS production in mitochondria. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and evidences that support neuroprotective roles of antioxidants targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, thiols, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators in epilepsy. We point out these antioxidative compounds as effectively protective approaches for improving prognosis. In addition, we specially propose that these antioxidants exert neuroprotection against epileptic impairment possibly by modulating cell death interactions, notably autophagy-apoptosis, and autophagy-ferroptosis crosstalk.

scholarly journals Role of oxidative stress in cataractogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Bhatia ◽  
A. N. Sontakke ◽  
Subodhini Abhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Cataract Patients

Background: Cataract is a multifactorial disease and is a major cause of blindness in india. Oxidative stress is thought to be a major factor to initiate the process of cataractogenesis. It is today well established fact that oxidative stress participates in both age-related (senile) and diabetes-induced cataract (diabetic). Oxidative damage to the lens most likely arises as a consequence of an impaired antioxidant defence system, due to increased generation of ROS both by age and diabetes. The present study was designed to determine role of oxidative stress in cataractogensis and to compare levels of oxidative stress markers in senile and diabetic cataract patients.Methods: Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum protein carbonyl (PC) were measured as indicator of oxidative stress whereas antioxidant status was assessed by estimating serum Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and dietary antioxidants levels i.e vitamin C and vitamin E in senile and diabetic cataract patients compared with healthy controls.Results: The result reveal that the serum MDA and PC levels were significantly increased in patients with senile and diabetic cataract whereas serum TAC, vitamin C and Vitamin E were significantly reduced in senile and diabetic patients when compared with normal healthy controls.Conclusions: From the result, it is concluded that oxidative stress is in the foreground of cataract formation which includes senile and diabetic cataract. Oxidative stress produced in diabetic cataract patients is more as compared to senile cataract patients. 

scholarly journals Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Juszczyk ◽  
Joanna Mikulska ◽  
Kamila Kasperek ◽  
Diana Pietrzak ◽  
Weronika Mrozek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buncis (Phaseolus Vulgaris Linn) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehide Tikus Model Stres Psikologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Dianti Ias Oktaviasari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Psychological stress is often suffered by people with body rhythm disorders, one of whom is a person with sleep disorders upside down. Psychological stress can trigger oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be overcome by increasing antioxidants, beans as antioxidants are considered to reduce oxodative stress. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of green bean juice on the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in male white wistar strains exposed to psychological stress. The design used in this research is Randomized Post Test Only Group Design. There were 5 groups tested, 2 normal and stress control groups, and 3 treatment groups. Exposure to psychological stress with reverse sleep guard pattern, so that the condition of experimental animals experiencing oxidative stress, then given bean juice with a dose of 4.5 gr / 1 ml in the treatment group. The results showed MDA levels dropped in the first hour and remained down until the 24th hour after the provision of bean juice. The effect of antioxidant flavonoids on beans decreases the amount of free radicals by scavenging mechanisms in free radicals and increases levels of endogenous antioxidants and increases insulin levels. The role of arginine in beans acts as a precursor of the formation of Nitric Oxide (NO) as vasodilator of blood vessels so as to decrease oxidative stress. A single dose of bean juice in experimental animals has been shown to overcome oxidative stress due to exposure to psychological stress since the first hour of green bean juice and its antioxidant activity persisted until the 24th hour.

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