On the problem of craniological differentiation in two species of the green monkeys: Chlorocebus pygerythrus and C. aethiops (Cercopithecidae, Primates)

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Elena Sudarikova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Chlorocebus Pygerythrus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Craniological Characters ◽  
Green Monkeys

The problem of taxonomic differentiation in the order Primates is one of the important problems of evolutionary anthropology and primatology. The systematics of primates reflects their evolutionary relationships and allows to reconstruct the possible ways of formation of particular groups. Clarification of primate taxonomy involves a wide range of data, primarily from the field of morphology. Among the morphological features that distinguish particular taxa, the special role belongs to the system of craniological characters, which allow diagnosing the skulls in museum collections or fossil materials. The article is devoted to craniological identification of two species of the genus Chlorocebus: Chlorocebus pygerythrus (vervets) and Chlorocebus aethiops (grivets).

scholarly journals Wide Range of Viral Load in Healthy African Green Monkeys Naturally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 11744-11753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simoy Goldstein ◽  
Ilnour Ourmanov ◽  
Charles R. Brown ◽  
Brigitte E. Beer ◽  
William R. Elkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Plasma Viremia ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Chlorocebus Pygerythrus ◽  
Natural Host Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Green Monkeys

ABSTRACT The distribution and levels of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in tissues and plasma were assessed in naturally infected African green monkeys (AGM) of the vervet subspecies (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) by limiting-dilution coculture, quantitative PCR for viral DNA and RNA, and in situ hybridization for SIV expression in tissues. A wide range of SIV RNA levels in plasma was observed among these animals (<1,000 to 800,000 copies per ml), and the levels appeared to be stable over long periods of time. The relative numbers of SIV-expressing cells in tissues of two monkeys correlated with the extent of plasma viremia. SIV expression was observed in lymphoid tissues and was not associated with immunopathology. Virus-expressing cells were observed in the lamina propria and lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as within alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue of one AGM. The range of plasma viremia in naturally infected AGM was greater than that reported in naturally infected sooty mangabeys. However, the degree of viremia in some AGM was similar to that observed during progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Therefore, containment of viremia is an unlikely explanation for the lack of pathogenicity of SIVagm in its natural host species, AGM.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Boon-Peng Puah ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Ali Attiq ◽  
Yusof Kamisah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Reduced Risk

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.

scholarly journals Multisystemic Abscesses in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) with InvasiveKlebsiella pneumoniae—Identification of the Hypermucoviscosity Phenotype

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Twenhafel ◽  
C. A. Whitehouse ◽  
E. L. Stevens ◽  
H. E. Hottel ◽  
C. D. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Green Monkeys

scholarly journals Research Regarding the Morphological Characteristics of Calendula Officinalis Local

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina ZEPA ZEPA CORADINI ◽  
Valeriu TABÄ‚RÄ‚ ◽  
Doru PETANEC ◽  
Lavinia MICU ◽  
Irina PETRESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Flowering Process

Marigolds have an important economic value which let to an increase production and cultivation being thus used in a wide range of fields. One of the basic elements regarding marigolds production is represented by anthodia with flowers and seeds determined by the blossom and the number of anthodium on the plant. The plant’s blossom is determined by the n umber of lingulate flowers from the external side of the anthodium where seeds grow. Calendula is a polymorphic species, forming during its evolution not only flowering, but also semi-flowering anthodia and simple flowers. In the experimental field of UASVM Timisoara we performed a series of research regarding the morphological features of six local population of marigold from the western part of the country. Flowers’ blooming proved to have a different evolution due to the influence manifested by the local population and also by the harvest results. This blooming phenomenon proved to highly influence the production elements. Blooming influence upon anthodia mass of seeds proved to be as similar as in case of anthodia with flowers. At the beginning of the harvest period, the anthodia mass of seeds proved to be maxim. According to the information collected during research, anthodia flowering fails to reestablish during harvest. The flowering process influences the number and the size of the seeds. Moreover, flowers blooming process may lead to the formation of homogenous seeds, not only in size, but also as regards their morphological aspect. The seeds from the flowering anthodia proved to be homogenous in comparison with other anthodia and had even better technological qualities.

Acuity-sensitivity trade-offs of X and Y cells in the cat lateral geniculate complex: role of the medial interlaminar nucleus in scotopic vision

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
C. Lee ◽  
J. G. Malpeli
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Special Role ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sinusoidal Gratings ◽  
X Cells ◽  
Y Cells

1. The cat medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) receives inputs almost exclusively from tapetal retina, suggesting that the MIN has a special role in dim-light vision. In this study we compared the sensitivities of cells in the MIN with those in layers A and magnocellular C of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), using drifting sinusoidal gratings to determine contrast thresholds as a function of spatial frequency and retinal adaptation level over the entire scotopic range. 2. About one-half of the cells recorded in the MIN and layer A had brisk responses that could be nulled by properly positioned, counterphased sinusoidal gratings, and were classified as X cells. The rest of the cells in the MIN and layer A, as well as all cells recorded in layer C, were Y cells. 3. MIN cells had higher contrast sensitivity than layer A cells for low spatial frequencies (0.15 cycles/deg and below) over a wide range of adaptation levels, both overall and for separate comparisons within X or Y cells. Layer C Y cells were intermediate in sensitivity between MIN and layer A Y cells. For low spatial frequencies, Y cells as a group were more sensitive than X cells, whereas the reverse was true for high spatial frequencies. 4. These data enable one to determine the lowest adaptation level at which stimuli of a given contrast can be detected for a given structure. At the lowest spatial frequencies, the MIN can function at adaptation levels approximately 1 log unit below layer A, averaged over all stimulus contrasts. In contrast, the tapetum lowers luminance threshold by at most 0.16 log unit. 5. For scotopic conditions and eccentricities within 15 degrees of the area centralis, contrast sensitivity decreases with eccentricity for low spatial frequencies and remains flat or slightly increases for high spatial frequencies. This relationship, which is opposite to that found for photopic vision, is strongest for MIN Y cells. 6. These data support the hypothesis that the retinal conflict between sensitivity and acuity is ameliorated in the CNS through separate thalamic relays with different degrees of afferent convergence. MIN cells have higher luminance sensitivity than layer A cells, but at the expense of acuity. Layer C appears to occupy an intermediate position in this trade-off.

Extraintestinal Acanthocephalan Oncicola venezuelensis (Oligacanthorhynchidae) in Small Indian Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽  
Sreekumari Rajeev ◽  
Mark A. Freeman ◽  
Amy Beierschmitt ◽  
Victoria Savinon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Herpestes Auropunctatus ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Green Monkeys ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

We identified multiple extraintestinal cystacanths during routine postmortem examination of 3 small Indian mongooses and 2 African green monkeys from the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. In mongooses, cystacanths were encysted or free in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, or peritoneal or pericardial cavities, whereas in the monkeys, they were in the cavity and parietal layer of the, tunica vaginalis, skeletal muscle, and peritoneal cavity. Morphological, histological, and molecular characterization identified these cystacanths as Oncicola venezuelensis (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae). There was minimal to mild lymphoplasmacytic inflammation associated with the parasite in the mongooses and moderate inflammation, mineralization, hemorrhage, and fibrosis in the connective tissue between the testis and epididymis in 1 monkey. We identified a mature male O. venezuelensis attached in the aboral jejunum of a feral cat, confirming it as the definitive host. Termites serve as intermediate hosts and lizards as paratenic hosts. This report emphasizes the role of the small Indian mongoose and African green monkey as paratenic hosts for O. venezuelensis.

The distribution of the greater broad-nose bat Scoteanax rueppellii (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in relation to climate and topography.

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
P. D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Climate Matching ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occurrence Records

Concepts of the distribution of the greater broad-nose bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) have changed significantly as occurrence records have accumulated over the years. Early accounts of the species' distribution suggested that it was restricted to the heavily timbered areas of eastern Australia, and occurred over a wide range of altitudes. However, recent summaries of the distribution of the species differ significantly from these early accounts. To reconcile these discrepancies, I collated records from museum collections and wildlife databases. These data clearly indicate that stated altitudinal limits for the species are not correct. The currently known southern limit of the species is near Eden, New South Wales (NSW). The distribution of the species was modelled using the DOMAIN climate matching algorithm. The model indicates that S. rueppellii may occur in East Gippsland, Victoria, suggests its likely occurrence in inland Queensland and northern NSW, but a low likelihood of occurrence in inland southern NSW. However, the data show strong spatial and temporal biases that restrict the confidence that may be placed in the model. It is argued that species distributions must be regarded as open and evolving hypotheses.

Fractal crushing of ice and brittle solids

1991 ◽  
Vol 433 (1889) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Brittle Solids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elastic Fracture ◽  
Ice Forces ◽  
Fractal Size

A significant ‘scale effect’ is observed when sea ice forces on structures are measured at field scale: the force per unit contact area is not independent of area, but decreases with increasing area. Fragments of broken materials are found to have a fractal size distribution, with a fractal dimension close to 2.5 over a remarkably wide range of fragment size. The research described in this paper brings these two observations together, and shows that they can be explained by a simple model of crushing, which incorporates the relation between fragment size and splitting force predicted by linear elastic fracture mechanics. The model indicates a special role for the fractal dimension of 2.5, and predicts a relation between force and area, consistent with field observations.

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