scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Jinwoo Jung ◽  
◽  
Changha Jin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Housing Wealth Effect ◽  
Econometric Technique

In this study, we estimate the housing wealth effect of households with different income levels. Since we expect the housing wealth effect to vary based on the different income levels, we use the threshold estimation technique developed in Hansen (1999) instead of imposing an exogenous criterion to divide the sample by income level. This econometric technique is developed for panels with individual-specific fixed effects. Therefore, we apply this econometric method on the findings in the existing literature to estimate the housing wealth effect, while considering the heterogeneity in different income categories. We obtain individual level data from the 2012 to 2016 Korea Household Finance and Welfare Survey (KHFWS) and find statistically significant threshold income levels, thus indicating households show different behaviors based on the threshold income. We provide the groundwork for future research to identify the target group who maximizes their wealth effect, which has housing policy implications.

scholarly journals Saving Behavior and Housing Wealth Evidence from German Micro Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-539
Author(s):  
Sören Gröbel ◽  
Dorothee Ihle
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Housing Wealth Effect ◽  
Important Position

Abstract Housing property is the most important position in a household’s wealth portfolio. Even though there is strong evidence that house price cycles and saving patterns behave synchronously, the underlying causes remain controversial. The present paper examines if there is a wealth effect of house prices on savings using household-level panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period 1996-2012. We find that young homeowners decrease their savings in response to unanticipated house price shocks, whereas old households hardly respond to house price changes. Although effects are relatively low in magnitude, we interpret this as evidence of a housing wealth effect.

Conclusion: What academia can contribute to refugee policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idean Salehyan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Potential Risks

This conclusion to the special issue highlights the role of scholars in advancing the public discussion about forced migration. As countries around the world are adopting increasing restrictions on the entry of refugees, academic research can help to dispel some of the myths and apprehensions regarding the risks that forced migration entails. While refugees may be linked to conflict and violence in limited circumstances, the research generally demonstrates that robust international cooperation to manage refugee settlements, provide adequate humanitarian assistance, and integrate refugees into host communities, among other policies, can help to mitigate potential risks. Directions for future research and analysis are also discussed. Forced migration scholars should endeavor to collect more individual-level data; seek to understand factors that exacerbate or reduce security risks associated with cross-border militancy; conduct research on the long-term integration of refugees; and seek to understand the causes and consequences of resettlement and repatriation policies.

scholarly journals WILL THE HOUSING WEALTH EFFECT COMPENSATE THE MACRO-ECONOMY? EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN’S DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Hong-Jhong Cheng ◽  
Nan-Yu Wang ◽  
Chien-Wen Peng ◽  
Chih-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Housing Wealth Effect

This paper examines the relationship between the escalation in housing prices and categories of Taiwan’s domestic consumption. While disposable income remains constant, a rapid escalation in housing prices should have a negative impact on unaffordability within society. However, under the hypothesis of the housing wealth effect, an increase in housing values should compensate the macro-economy by increasing consumption in the GDP calculation. Taiwanese data from 2007Q1 to 2018Q1 were adopted as the sample. From the vector error correction model results, it was found that over the course of the long-run equilibrium relationship, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more on durable goods of communication-related nature, as well as on non-durable goods such as personal clothing and accessories and leisure/cultural tourism. As for the short-run dynamic adjustment, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more in the durable goods component categories. It was identified that transportationrelated consumption accounted for the major part of the durable goods component. Therefore, with the rapid escalation in housing prices, it was observed that these consumption would compensate the consumption figures in the GDP calculation in Taiwan, thereby providing evidence that housing prices were related to macroeconomic performance.

Is This Kid a Likely Experimenter or a Likely Persister? An Analysis of Individual-Level and Family-Level Risk Factors Predicting Multiple Offending Among a Group of Adjudicated Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 4024-4045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Buker ◽  
Ayhan Erbay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adjudicated Youth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Family Level

To implement effective diversion programs and determine for a well-suited intervention strategy, ascertaining who, among the adjudicated youth, is more likely to involve in multiple offending, rather than desisting after an initial delinquent behavior, is of great significance. The overall objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the existing knowledge on assessing the risks for multiple offending during juvenile adjudication processes. In this regard, this study examined the predicting powers of several individual-level and family-level risk factors on multiple offending during adolescence, based on a data set derived from court-ordered social examination reports (SERs) on 400 adjudicated youth in Turkey. Two binomial regression models were implemented to test the predictor values of various risk factors from these two domains. Results indicated the following as significant predictors of multiple offending among the subjects: younger age of onset in delinquency, dropping out of school, having delinquent/drug abusing (risky) friends, being not able to share problems with the family, increased number of siblings, and having a domestically migrated family. Conclusively, these findings were compared with the existing literature, and the policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

Economic Inequality and Social Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Pathak ◽  
Etayankara Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data

This article explores the extent to which income inequality and income mobility—both considered indicators of economic inequality and conditions of formal regulatory institutions (government activism)—facilitate or constrain the emergence of social entrepreneurship. Using 77,983 individual-level responses obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey of 26 countries, and supplementing with country-level data obtained from the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, our results from multilevel analyses demonstrate that country-level income inequality increases the likelihood of individual-level engagement in social entrepreneurship, while income mobility decreases this likelihood. Further, income mobility negatively moderates the influence of income inequality on social entrepreneurship, such that the condition of low income mobility and high income inequality is a stronger predictor of social entrepreneurship. We discuss implications and limitations of our study, and we suggest avenues for future research.

Examining the Impact of Individual, Community, and Market Factors on Methamphetamine Use: A Tale of Two Cities

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Rodriguez ◽  
Charles Katz ◽  
Vincent J. Webb ◽  
David R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Market ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Although prior studies have monitored the trends in methamphetamine use and reported its increase over the years, few studies have considered how community-level characteristics affect the use of methamphetamine. In this study, we utilize data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program from two cities to examine how individual-level, community-level, and drug market factors influence methamphetamine use. Results indicate that both individual and community-level data significantly influence methamphetamine use. Also, findings show that predictors of methamphetamine use (at the individual and community-level) differ significantly from marijuana, cocaine, and opiate use. Policy implications regarding law enforcement suppression and the treatment of methamphetamine users are discussed.

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