scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-274
Author(s):  
Frank Packer ◽  
◽  
Timothy Riddiough ◽  
Jimmy Shek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
The Past ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Different Sources

Securitized equity interests in commercial property (the so-called listed REIT market) across a number of countries are analyzed. In so doing, we have pulled together financial as well as real economic data from a large number of different sources. On the real side, we focus particularly on office property construction, as data are fairly available in that sector. The comparison of REIT markets across countries reveals significant variation in terms of institutional characteristics, but many similarities in terms of financial performance. Office construction activity also displays some synchronicity across countries, with a general pattern of reduced levels and volatility in construction activity over the past two decades. Linkages between REIT market development and the dynamics of new construction activity are explored.

A Technical and Economic Comparison of Raised Face Versus Ring Joint Flanges

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Reichert ◽  
Barry Messer ◽  
Larissa C. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Differential ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Comparison

On new construction projects, designers are frequently faced with the choice of whether to use raised face or ring joint flanges for piping systems. Often, decisions are made based on flange types used in the past, without due consideration for the merits of either style. On major piping projects, the decision can have significant and far reaching impacts for the owner of the facility, from a cost, constructability, and operational point of view. The authors of this paper studied several recent projects in North America and Europe and performed a technical comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of each style of flange. The authors also performed a comprehensive estimate of the cost differential between using the different styles of flanges. The provision of both technical and economic data in one paper is intended to provide a resource of data that designers need to make an informed decision about which style of flange to use.

LABOR MARKET RESEARCH IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Aloshyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Market Development ◽  
General Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
The Unemployed

The main tendencies and peculiarities of the labor market development of Dnipropetrovsk region are considered in the article. There were collected and analyzed the materials of Ukrainian statistical report and Dnipropetrovsk region reports of Statistics Department. There were analyzed general situation of the labor market in Ukraine and regions. The article includes indicators of the labor force of Ukraine in terms of regions over the past five years, identifies the place of the labor market of Dnipropetrovsk region in the overall structure of the labor market of Ukraine. A comprehensive analysis of the labor force indicators of the Dnipropetrovsk region by the number of employed persons, the gender structure of the employed population and the dynamics of the relevant indicators. The structural changes in the composition of the unemployed population of the region by territorial and sexual affiliation are determined, as well as the changes in the sex and age structure of the unemployed population over the past five years. The conducted research made it possible to assess the structural changes in the region's labor force, which are accompanied by a reduction in the labor force, a decrease in the labor force, and an increase in the unemployed population.

Introductory remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Sources

In the last year or two there has been a remarkable increase in the interest, both popular and scientific, in the subject of climatic change. This stems from a recognition that even a highly technological society is vulnerable to the effects of climatic fluctuations and indeed may become more so, as margins of surplus food production are reduced, and nations become more interdependent for their food supply. In this respect our concern is with quite small changes - a degree (Celsius) or less in temperature and 10 % or so in rainfall. Probably we may discount some of the more alarmist suggestions of an imminent and rapid change towards near glacial conditions as these are based on very sketchy evidence. However, whatever the time-scale of climatic fluctuations with which we are concerned, we may hope to learn a great deal which is relevant to the factors which will control our future climate from the study of its more extreme vagaries in the past. Information relevant to the weather in such extreme periods is coming forward in increasing detail and volume from a wide range of disciplines. The variety of the evidence, its lack of precision as a strict measure of climate, and the number of different sources all make it difficult for an individual to build up a clear picture of past climates. However such a picture is needed, if explanations and interpretation are to be possible. Ideally one would need a synchronous picture of the climate of the whole world at selected epochs in the past. Various international programmes are directed to forming such pictures.

scholarly journals Methods of historicization of estate landscapes of Moscow

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Chernyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
The Government

The object of this research is the methods used in design practices of post-Soviet time to give historical appearance to landscapes of former estates of Moscow region, which faded away, i.e. the methods of historicization. The landscapes under review are being protected by the government as the objects of Moscow cultural heritage, and designated as museums (reserve museums) and public parks. The subject of this research is disclosure of the essence of these methods and their assessment from the perspective of alignment with historical primary sources, implementation, proliferation, and attractiveness. The author conducts systematization of methods in accordance to the degree of conformance to the historical realities, and divides them into the following groups: 1) that provide accurate reproduction of historical forms, 2) that create similarities, 3) that create new forms. Each group is divided into subgroups. By frequency of application, the leading place belongs to the methods of first group, which are aimed at reproduction of the shapes of buildings and structures. The rest two methods focus on reviving the memory of the past. The application is attributed to new construction, which can be assessed as landscape evolution and a modern artistic phenomenon. The methods of second group lead to landscape development in spirit of historicism, while the methods of third group – to the development of territory based on modern vision of the past. The conducted analysis is valued for the general outlook upon the process of preservation of one of the most complex types of cultural heritage of Moscow.

scholarly journals China

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Terry Sicular ◽  
Finn Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Absorption

This chapter describes the major trends in China’s income inequality over the past forty years and explains them as the outcome of four interleaved stories. The first story is a standard development story characterized by structural change, market development, labour absorption, and the Kuznets inverted-U path of inequality. The second is the economic transition story, in which changes in income distribution result from the shift from plan to market. The third is incomplete transition, with opportunities for rent-seeking, corruption, and hidden income. The fourth is the story of government efforts to moderate inequality through social and welfare policies.

Introduction: Current perspectives on positive polarity

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Mingya Liu ◽  
Gianina Iordăchioaia
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Negative Polarity Items ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Polarity sensitivity has been an established key topic of linguistic research for more than half a century. The study of polarity phenomena can be extremely revealing about the internal structure of a language, as they usually involve an interaction at the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In the past, most attention was paid to negative polarity items. However, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in positive polarity items. As a continuation of this trend, this issue collects four papers dedicated to positive polarity items, which enrich the empirical domain with novel observations from different languages and appeal to diverse theoretical concepts such as scalarity and presupposition in their modeling of positive polarity. The results show that positive polarity is a distributional phenomenon that has different sources and most likely cannot be modeled in a unifying way, although there may be subsets of positive polarity items that allow unifying accounts.

M-Commerce Market Development Scenarios in Korea

2011 ◽  
pp. 286-300
Author(s):  
Seung Baek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Scenarios

A growth curve of m-commerce market would be alike that of the mobile voice market or broadband internet service in the past in Korea, and then m-commerce will bring the mobile operators the second revenue. Even though, the subscribers of m-commerce are continues ascent in external appearance, in effect it is have an important problem to though revenue. In this research, after defining m-commerce market, we will discover trends based on technological, social, and politic changes and the development scenarios of m-commerce market. We reviews the technological, social, and policy changes that have occurred in Korea in order to present the mega trends that could affect the m-commerce market most significantly, by finding out the inner and outer arena trends of the m-commerce market. And then, show four scenarios: (1) Gloomy market scenario, (2) Dream market scenario, (3) Market collapse scenario, and (4) Rainbow compromise scenario. We are expected that an analysis of the trend that could create an m-commerce market in Korea and a study of the development scenarios will provide some foresight to communication service providers in Korea and overseas countries in order to cope with the future m-commerce market.

The Ichthys LNG Project: big, bold and beautiful

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Antoine Serceau
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
New Construction

The Ichthys LNG Project is one of the most complex oil and gas developments attempted. It is three mega-projects in one: an onshore project, an offshore project, and a pipeline project. The onshore project is being developed in Darwin and involves two processing trains rated to produce a total of 8.4 million tonnes of LNG per year. Offshore, the central processing facility (CPF) will feature the world's largest semi-submersible platform. A substantial floating, production storage and offtake (FPSO) vessel, designed to hold more than one million barrels of condensate, will be stationed nearby. Both the CPF and FPSO will be permanently moored in an area notorious for cyclonic weather conditions and will be designed to withstand even the most extreme weather conditions for more than four decades. An 889 km subsea pipeline will link the Ichthys Field, 200 km off the Western Australian coast, to the onshore facilities in Darwin. This represents the longest subsea pipeline in the southern hemisphere and fifth longest in the world. A final investment decision for the project was announced in January 2012. This triggered intense construction activity and created hundreds of new construction jobs in Darwin and more globally. More than 4,000 direct jobs will be created at the peak of construction. An approved capital expenditure of $US34 billion by INPEX and the Ichthys Project joint venture participants shows a tremendous commitment to Australia. Since the discovery of the gas-condensate field in 2000, the Ichthys road has been one of identifying and overcoming geographical, political, technical, physical, financial, and commercial challenges. The Ichthys Project is a global effort, drawing on worldwide expertise to overcome these challenges and work towards first gas in late 2016.

scholarly journals Exposure of real estate properties to the 2018 Hurricane Florence flooding

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-920
Author(s):  
Marco Tedesco ◽  
Steven McAlpine ◽  
Jeremy R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Bull's Eye ◽  
Spaceborne Radar ◽  
Final Amount

Abstract. Quantifying the potential exposure of property to damages associated with storm surges, extreme weather and hurricanes is fundamental to developing frameworks that can be used to conceive and implement mitigation plans as well as support urban development that accounts for such events. In this study, we aim at quantifying the total value and area of properties exposed to the flooding associated with Hurricane Florence that occurred in September 2018. To this aim, we implement an approach for the identification of affected areas by generating a map of the maximum flood extent obtained from a combination of the flood extent produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) water marks with those obtained from spaceborne radar remote-sensing data. The use of radar in the creation of the flood extent allows for those properties commonly missed by FEMA's interpolation methods, especially from pluvial or non-fluvial sources, and can be used in more accurately estimating the exposure and market value of properties to event-specific flooding. Lastly, we study and quantify how the urban development over the past decades in the regions flooded by Hurricane Florence might have impacted the exposure of properties to present-day storms and floods. This approach is conceptually similar to what experts are addressing as the “expanding bull's eye effect”, in which “targets” of geophysical hazards, such as people and their built environments, enlarge as populations grow and spread. Our results indicate that the total value of property exposed to flooding during Hurricane Florence was USD 52 billion (in 2018 USD), with this value increasing from USD ∼10 billion at the beginning of the past century to the final amount based on the expansion of the number of properties exposed. We also found that, despite the decrease in the number of properties built during the decade before Florence, much of the new construction was in proximity to permanent water bodies, hence increasing exposure to flooding. Ultimately, the results of this paper provide a new tool for shedding light on the relationships between urban development in coastal areas and the flooding of those areas, which is estimated to increase in view of projected increasing sea level rise, storm surges and the strength of storms.

Estimated Temporal Variation of Losses Due to a Recurrence of the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Swift ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Toan Nguyen Le
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Many

The temporal variation of damage and loss estimates are presented in decadal increments since 1950 for an earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault (NIF) equivalent to the Mw 6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Deterministic damage and loss calculations were performed utilizing Hazus-MH software and updated structural inventories. We estimate that building stock loss density (total losses within each census tract divided by tract area) due to the recurrence of this event in 1950 would have been about $84 million, increasing to $300 million in 2006 (2002 replacement costs). With the phenomenal growth in new construction in Long Beach over the past 50 years, the results indicate that the proportion of wood and unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings predicted to suffer at least moderate damage has stabilized. Given the many seismic sources in this region which also pose significant threats, we demonstrate that modeling tools such as Hazus-MH can provide meaningful estimates of future losses from earthquakes.

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