scholarly journals Cochlear aqueduct

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Deng ◽  
Craig Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Aqueduct

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrád S. Konrádsson ◽  
Björn I. R. Carlborg ◽  
Joseph C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Considerable Pressure

Hypobaric effects on the perilymph pressure were investigated in 18 cats. The perilymph, tympanic cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, and systemic and ambient pressure changes were continuously recorded relative to the atmospheric pressure. The pressure equilibration of the eustachian tube and the cochlear aqueduct was studied, as well as the effects of blocking these channels. During ascent, the physiologic opening of the eustachian tube reduced the pressure gradients across the tympanic membrane. The patent cochlear aqueduct equilibrated perilymph pressure to cerebrospinal fluid compartment levels with a considerable pressure gradient across the oval and round windows. With the aqueduct blocked, the pressure decrease within the labyrinth and tympanic cavities was limited, resulting in large pressure gradients toward the chamber and the cerebrospinal fluid compartments, respectively. We conclude that closed cavities with limited pressure release capacities are the cause of the pressure gradients. The strain exerted by these pressure gradients is potentially harmful to the ear.

Congenital Cerebrospinal Otorrhea

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Gacek ◽  
Bruce Leipzig
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula ◽  
Fallopian Canal ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks ◽  
Fluid Fistula ◽  
Petromastoid Canal

Four locations for congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistula in the region of a normal labyrinth are reviewed. A congenital leak may occur through the petromastoid canal, a wide cochlear aqueduct, Hyrtl's fissure, or the facial canal. A fistula through the initial segment of the fallopian canal was successfully repaired in a two-year-old boy who had three episodes of meningitis following otitis media. Knowledge of these four sites of congenital defects provides a guideline for the surgeon in the identification and repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the region of the labyrinth.

Computer-aided Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Guinea Pig Cochlear Aqueduct

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuzo Toriya ◽  
Toshio Arima ◽  
Akio Kuraoka ◽  
Takuya Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Sudden Deafness and Labyrinthine Window Ruptures

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Goodhill ◽  
Irwin Harris ◽  
Seymour J. Brockman ◽  
Oscar Hantz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
History Of

In 1971, one of the authors reported sudden deafness associated with labyrinthine window membrane ruptures. Eighteen additional cases have been explored surgically since then. Data on 21 cases are presented. Sudden profound cochlear deafness has now been encountered in 21 cases which were surgically explored. In 15 instances, fistulae of round, oval, or both windows were encountered and repaired. In 10 of the 15, there was a definite history of sudden exertion or trauma prior to onset. The oval window alone was ruptured in nine patients, the round window alone in one, and both windows were ruptured in five patients. The oldest patient was 62 years and the youngest 11 years of age. Differential audiological studies showed profound losses in all cases. Almost every case was studied by pure tone AC-BC and speech audiometry, Békésy, and impedance tests. Whenever possible other audiologic tests, such as recruitment, tone decay, and SISI were performed. These findings are presented in detail. Vestibular function was studied by electronystagmography (ENG) in 15 of the 21 cases surgically explored. There was evidence of vestibular dysfunction in almost every case with sudden hearing loss. Significant ENG details are presented. Surgical repairs of ruptured window membranes were followed by improvements in some of the patients. Postoperative audiologic data are presented. The theoretical aspects include discussion of possible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perilymph pathways between cochlear aqueduct and scala tympani and between internal auditory meatus and scala vestibuli. It is concluded that spontaneous labyrinthine window ruptures must now be added to the etiologic factors in “sudden hearing loss.” It is premature to set down criteria for surgical intervention in such cases. Further careful studies are necessary.

The enlarged cochlear aqueduct — A radiological flying saucer?

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Daly ◽  
M.J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Flying Saucer

Relationship of the Cochlear Aqueduct and Inner Ear Pressure in M??ni??re's Disease and in a Normal Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Yilmazer ◽  
Levent Sennaroglu ◽  
Figen Basaran ◽  
Gonca Sennaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inner Ear Pressure

Etiology and Treatment of Fluid Retention (Hydrops) in Ménière's Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad A. Proctor ◽  
Todd B. Proctor ◽  
Bruce Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

For years low sodium diets have been recommended in the treatment of Ménière's syndrome. Elevated levels of insulin play an important role in sodium retention in renal tubules. Insulin production is stimulated by high carbohydrate diets. Adrenaline, cortisone, and glucagon levels may he increased by stress or food or inhalant allergies, further elevating insulin levels. The end result of prolonged hyperinsulinemia includes vasoconstriction and eventually arterial smooth muscle hypertrophy. Individual susceptibility to Ménière's syndrome may occur as a reult of inflammatory changes in the endolymphatic sac or cochlear aqueduct secondary to primary or latent viral infections, thus predisposing to fluid retention. Long term medical treatment of Ménière's should be directed towards preventing sodium retention through sodium restriciton and carbohydrate management. Other factors including stress and allergy should also be considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document