scholarly journals Extrinsic muscles of the hand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hacking ◽  
Daniel Bell
Keyword(s):  
Muscles Of The Hand ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

scholarly journals Non-invasive analysis of motor neurons controlling the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 046033
Author(s):  
Simone Tanzarella ◽  
Silvia Muceli ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Dario Farina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Muscles Of The Hand ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

The musculature and nervous system of the plerocercoid larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Posterior Median ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
Nerve Cords ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

1. The structure of the proboscides of the larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.) is described. Each proboscis is provided with four sets of extrinsic muscles, and there is an anterior dorso-ventral muscle mass connected to all four proboscides.2. The musculature of the body and scolex is described.3. The nervous system consists of a brain, two lateral nerve cords, two outer and inner anterior nerves on each side, twenty-five pairs of bothridial nerves to each bothridium, four longitudinal bothridial nerves connecting these latter before their entry into the bothridia, four proboscis nerves arising from the brain, and a series of lateral nerves supplying the lateral regions of the body.4. The so-called ganglia contain no nerve cells, these are present only in the posterior median commissure which is therefore the nerve centre.

A COMPARISON OF THE STRENGTH OF THE ABDUCTION OF THE LITTLE AND INDEX FINGERS AND PALMAR ABDUCTION AND OPPOSITION OF THE THUMB BETWEEN COLLEGE BASEBALL PLAYERS AND INEXPERIENCED SPORTS PLAYERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Chikenji ◽  
Hajime Toda ◽  
Chin Gyoku ◽  
Naoki Oikawa ◽  
Masaki Katayose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Muscles Of The Hand ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles ◽  
Little Finger

The purpose of this study was to investigate the strengths of four intrinsic muscles of the hand of college baseball players. The strengths of four intrinsic muscle groups were measured by the Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer (RIHM) which has been developed to assess the abduction of the little finger and index finger, and palmar abduction and opposition of the thumb. The strengths of these four intrinsic muscle groups were compared between baseball players and inexperienced sports players. The abduction of the little finger and index finger, and the opposition of the thumb in both the dominant and nondominant hands of the baseball players were notably stronger than those of the inexperienced sports players. There was no statistical difference in the strength of the palmar abduction of the thumb between the two groups. The results suggest that the specific intrinsic muscles in both the dominant and nondominant hands might be strengthened by repeated baseball practices, such as a batting performance, which requires strain in both the dominant and nondominant hands repeatedly.

scholarly journals The contraction of the extrinsic muscles of the eye by choline and nicotine

1930 ◽  
Vol 107 (751) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

It has long been known that choline, acetylcholine (Reisser, 1921), and nicotine (Langley, 1906-14) contract the normal striped muscle of Sauropsidæ (frog, fowl, etc.), and it has been recently demonstrated that a similar reaction occurs in the fœtal muscle of mammals (Rückert, 1930), but hitherto it has never been shown to occur in the muscles of the fully-developed mammalian. It has also been well established that the voluntary muscles of mammals, after degeneration of the motor nerves, exhibit a "pseudo-motor" contraction on the injection of choline. (Frank, Northmann and Hirsch-Kauffmann, 1922-23), a contraction which appears analogous in origin and in nature to that first described in the tongue by Vulpian and Phillipeaux (1863), and in the muscles of the limbs by Sherrington (1894), which occurs on stimulation of the sensory roots after the motor roots have degenerated. Recent writers in discussing the theoretical basis of these phenomena have stressed the point that this type of contraction occurs in mammals only after degeneration of the motor nerves, and have based some of their conclusions upon this assumption. The following experiments show, however, that this statement is no universally true, and that the extrinsic muscles of the eye form an exception to the general rule. The matter arose as a side-issue during an extended research on the mechanism controlling the intra-ocular pressure, when anomalous changes were noted while investigating the effect of choline and acetylcholine upon the pressure in the eye. These experiments are recorded in a separate publication (Duke-Elder, 1930): it is sufficient for the present purpose to say that in experiments upon anæthetised dogs, while small doses of choline such as produce a depressor effect when injected intra-venously (0·2 c. c. of a 1 in 20 solution) give rise to a fall in the intra-ocular pressure of the order which would be expected from the events in the vascular circulation, larger doses, on the other hand, lead to an increase in the intra-ocular pressure much larger than could be explained by any vascular events. In order, therefore, to reduce the number of variables with which we were dealing, the technique was extended to the perfusion of the eye with an artificial circulation, whereby the conditions in the general circulation were kept constant (Duke-Elder, 1930); and fig. 1 shows that in these circumstances, even when we would have expected a fall in the intra-ocular pressure owing to a local vasoconstriction when the pressor component of choline was elicited, a rise was obtained. The most significant feature was that this rise was accompanied by a movement of the base-line in the tracing registered by the optical manometer denoting a movement of the eye in the direction of enophthalmos.

scholarly journals Motor unit estimations in small muscles of the hand

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. P. Sica ◽  
A. J. McComas ◽  
A. R. M. Upton ◽  
D. Longmire
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Muscles Of The Hand
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