scholarly journals Cerebellar tonsillar ectopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa El-Feky ◽  
Frank Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Tonsillar Ectopia

scholarly journals Posterior odontoid process angulation in pediatric Chiari I malformation: an MRI morphometric external validation study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis R. Ladner ◽  
Michael C. Dewan ◽  
Matthew A. Day ◽  
Chevis N. Shannon ◽  
Luke Tomycz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Validation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Posterior Fossa Decompression ◽  
Tonsillar Ectopia ◽  
Chiari I

OBJECT Osseous anomalies of the craniocervical junction are hypothesized to precipitate the hindbrain herniation observed in Chiari I malformation (CM-I). Previous work by Tubbs et al. showed that posterior angulation of the odontoid process is more prevalent in children with CM-I than in healthy controls. The present study is an external validation of that report. The goals of our study were 3-fold: 1) to externally validate the results of Tubbs et al. in a different patient population; 2) to compare how morphometric parameters vary with age, sex, and symptomatology; and 3) to develop a correlative model for tonsillar ectopia in CM-I based on these measurements. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of 119 patients who underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty at the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University; 78 of these patients had imaging available for review. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. A neuroradiologist retrospectively evaluated preoperative MRI examinations in these 78 patients and recorded the following measurements: McRae line length; obex displacement length; odontoid process parameters (height, angle of retroflexion, and angle of retroversion); perpendicular distance to the basion-C2 line (pB–C2 line); length of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia; caudal extent of the cerebellar tonsils; and presence, location, and size of syringomyelia. Odontoid retroflexion grade was classified as Grade 0, > 90°; Grade I,85°–89°; Grade II, 80°–84°; and Grade III, < 80°. Age groups were defined as 0–6 years, 7–12 years, and 13–17 years at the time of surgery. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA, and Fisher’s exact test were performed to assess the relationship between age, sex, and symptomatology with these craniometric variables. RESULTS The prevalence of posterior odontoid angulation was 81%, which is almost identical to that in the previous report (84%). With increasing age, the odontoid height (p < 0.001) and pB–C2 length (p < 0.001) increased, while the odontoid process became more posteriorly inclined (p = 0.010). The pB–C2 line was significantly longer in girls (p = 0.006). These measurements did not significantly correlate with symptomatology. Length of tonsillar ectopia in pediatric CM-I correlated with an enlarged foramen magnum (p = 0.023), increasing obex displacement (p = 0.020), and increasing odontoid retroflexion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anomalous bony development of the craniocervical junction is a consistent feature of CM-I in children. The authors found that the population at their center was characterized by posterior angulation of the odontoid process in 81% of cases, similar to findings by Tubbs et al. (84%). The odontoid process appeared to lengthen and become more posteriorly inclined with age. Increased tonsillar ectopia was associated with more posterior odontoid angulation, a widened foramen magnum, and an inferiorly displaced obex.

scholarly journals Traumatic Transient Herniation Concomitant with Tonsillar Hemorrhagic Contusion in a Child

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Öğrenci ◽  
Orkun Koban ◽  
Murat Ekşi ◽  
Onur Yaman ◽  
Sedat Dalbayrak
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tonsillar Ectopia ◽  
Chiari Type ◽  
Chiari Type I Malformation ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
The Relationship

Downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils more than 5 mm below the foramen magnum is named as Chiari type I malformation and named benign tonsillar ectopia if herniation is less than 3 mm. It does not just depend on congenital causes. There are also some reasons for acquired Chiari Type 1 and benign tonsillar ectopia/herniation. Trauma is one of them. Trauma may increase tonsillar ectopia or may be the cause of new-onset Chiari type 1. The relationship between the tonsil contusion and its position is unclear. We present a case of pediatric age group with tonsillar herniation with a hemorrhagic contusion. Only 1 case has been presented so far in the literature. A case with unilateral tonsil contusion has not been presented to date. We will discuss the possible reasons for taking the place of the tonsils to the above level of the foramen magnum in the follow-up period, by looking at the literature.

A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash)

Brain Injury ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 988-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Freeman ◽  
Scott Rosa ◽  
David Harshfield ◽  
Francis Smith ◽  
Robert Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Neck Trauma ◽  
Tonsillar Ectopia ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Symptomatic Chiari Malformation in Tatarstan: Regional and Ethnic Differences in Prevalence

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver I Bogdanov ◽  
Aisylu T Faizutdinova ◽  
Elena G Mendelevich ◽  
Alexey S Sozinov ◽  
John D Heiss
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Tonsillar Ectopia ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Regional Disease

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiology can assess the effect of Chiari I malformation (CM1) on the neurological health of a population and evaluate factors influencing CM1 development.OBJECTIVETo analyze the regional and ethnic differences in the prevalence of CM1.METHODSThe population of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in the Russian Federation was evaluated for patients with CM1 symptoms over an 11-yr period. Typical symptoms of CM1 were found in 868 patients. Data from neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of posterior cranial fossa structures were analyzed.RESULTSMRI evidence of CM1, defined as cerebellar tonsils lying at least 5 mm inferior to the foramen magnum, was found in 67% of symptomatic patients. Another 33% of symptomatic patients had 2 to 4 mm of tonsillar ectopia, which we defined as “borderline Chiari malformation type 1 (bCM1).” The period prevalence in the entire RT for symptomatic CM1 was 20:100 000; for bCM1 was 10:100 000; and for CM1 and bCM1 together was 30:100 000. Prevalence of patients with CM1 symptoms was greater in the northern than southern districts of Tatarstan, due to a high prevalence (413:100 000) of CM1 in the Baltasy region in one of the northern districts.CONCLUSIONOne-third of patients with typical symptoms of CM1 had less than 5 mm of tonsillar ectopia (bCM1). Assessments of the health impact of CM1-type symptoms on a patient population should include the bCM1 patient group. A regional disease cluster of patients with Chiari malformation was found in Baltasy district of RT and needs further study.

scholarly journals Symptomatic tonsillar ectopia

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Furuya ◽  
K. Sano ◽  
H. Segawa ◽  
K. Ide ◽  
H. Yoneyama
Keyword(s):  
Tonsillar Ectopia

Aspetti neuroradiologici della sindrome adreno-genitale

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
M.G. Egitto ◽  
C. Uggetti ◽  
R. Bergamaschi ◽  
C. Livieri
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Adrenogenital Syndrome ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Tonsillar Ectopia ◽  
Diffuse White Matter ◽  
Neuroradiological Examination ◽  
Tnf Gene ◽  
Cerebellar Tonsils

We describe the results of a study on 21 patients with adrenogenital syndrome without neurological symptoms who underwent neurological examination, neurophysiological tests and MR scan. Only five patients (23.8%) had a negative neuroradiological examination, whereas 14 (66.3%) presented focal or diffuse white matter hyperintensity, ten (47.6%) had supratentorial cortical atrophy and seven (33.3%) inferior ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils. The frequency of white matter changes was not a chance finding and the lesions are speculated to be demyelinating. This hypothesis is interesting because the gene responsible for a deficit of the 21 beta-hydroxylase enzyme implicated in adrenogenital syndrome is near to the TNF gene implicated in the origin of multiple sclerosis. The possible causes of supratentorial atrophy and tonsillar ectopia are also discussed.

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