scholarly journals Transverse muscle of the tongue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bell ◽  
Craig Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Muscle

The Structure of the Unpaired Ventral Nerves in the Blowfly Larva

1964 ◽  
Vol s3-105 (71) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
M. P. OSBORNE
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Branch ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Transverse Muscle

The anatomy and histology of the unpaired ventral nerves are described from light-and electron-microscopical studies. Seven unpaired nerves arise from the median dorsal surface of the ventral ganglionic nerve-mass, and terminate in abdominal segments 2 to 8 respectively. Each unpaired nerve bifurcates, sending a lateral nerve to both sides of its respective segment. Subsequently the lateral nerve gives rise to 2 nerve-branches. The first branch runs to a multipolar neurone that is associated with the tracheal system, and the second branch passes beneath the ventral longitudinal muscles and terminates on a ventral transverse muscle. Structurally, the unpaired nerve consists of axons ensheathed by Schwann-cells, the cytoplasmic processes of 2 giant Schwann-cells forming the entire neurilemma sheath of the nerve and its branches. A basement membrane, or connective-tissue sheath, about 2 µ thick surrounds the Schwann-cells. Four nerve-fibres are found in the unpaired nerve; 2 of these bifurcate, sending a fibre into both lateral nerves, but the other 2 fibres pass without dividing, into the left and right lateral nerves respectively, making a total of 3 fibres in both lateral nerves. One fibre from the lateral nerve enters the nerve-branch leading to the multipolar neurone associated with the tracheal system, and eventually joins its cell-body. This fibre is the axon of the neurone. The remaining 2 fibres in the lateral nerve pass into the nerve-branch that runs to the ventral transverse muscle. A comparison is made between the unpaired nerves of the blowfly larva and those in other insects.

Observations on the Structure of Hydra as seen with the Electron and Light Microscopes

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (43) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
ARTHUR HESS ◽  
A. I. COHEN ◽  
ELAINE A. ROBSON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Continuity ◽  
Transverse Muscle

Sections of hydra studied with the electron microscope show various structures which have been identified by referring to control histological sections and to previous descriptions. Certain features have also been examined in frozen-dried sections under the light microscope. In the ectoderm, epithelio-muscular cells contain various organelles, and also smooth longitudinal muscle-fibres with which mitochondria may be associated. The so-called ‘supporting fibres’ appear to be thin bundles of muscle-fibres. Although points of contact exist between muscle-fibres, there appears to be no cytoplasmic continuity. The muscle-fibres insert on the mesogloea, and appear to be separated from it by two membranes, one belonging to the cytoplasm surrounding the musclefibreand the other to the mesogloea. The mesogloea is extracellular and quite distinct from the intracellular muscle-fibres. It appears granular and sometimes presents an indistinct fibrous background. In frozen-dried material the mesogloea stains blue with Mallory's method, while the muscle-fibres stain red. Two main types of cells are found in the endoderm. Among these, some of the digestive cells contain transverse muscle-fibres, but they are less distinct than the longitudinal ectodermal fibres. Otherwise the digestive cells vary much in structure, but generally they contain vacuoles and their free surface is thrown into villi covered with small granules. The ‘foamy gland cells’ are filled with much larger vacuoles containing granular material. The vacuoles are discharged together with portions of cytoplasm, and at this stage lamellated double membranes and mitochrondria appear between the vacuoles. Both types of cell possess two flagella, which show a typical ultrastructure and are surrounded by a thick membrane. Various other cells of the ectoderm are distinguished by their characteristic appearance. Cnidoblasts, for instance, have been found to contain an extensive system of intercommunicating vacuoles bounded by membranes, and do not resemble the interstitial cells. In unexploded penetrant nematocysts the tube is preformed and the butt nd stylets can also be seen. The special gland-cells of the pedal disk show large, lectron-dense granules which are extruded from the cell without any cytoplasm. A relatively thick homogeneous layer on the surface of the pedal disk is distinguished by the electron microscope.

Transverse Muscle Ultrasound Analysis (TRAMA): Robust and Accurate Segmentation of Muscle Cross-Sectional Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Salvi ◽  
Cristina Caresio ◽  
Kristen M. Meiburger ◽  
Bruno De Santi ◽  
Filippo Molinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Ultrasound ◽  
Transverse Muscle

Auricular transverse muscle shortening as an adjunct to perichondrium-sparing Mustarde otoplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-547
Author(s):  
Daichi Morioka ◽  
Nobuhiro Sato ◽  
Taro Kusano ◽  
Hideyuki Muramatsu ◽  
Shinya Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Transverse Muscle

scholarly journals The role of the submentalis muscle in the feeding biomechanics of the marine toad, Rhinella marina

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Puljan ◽  
Curt Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Transverse Muscle ◽  
Feeding Biomechanics

It is well documented that coordination of feeding behavior in anuran amphibians requires precise coordination of the jaw levators and depressors with the timing of the protraction of the tongue. (for review, see Nishikawa, 2000). However, the neuronal mechanism initiating and synchronizing this coordination is not well understood. In addition to the intermandibularis muscle and tongue musculature in the lower jaw, there is a small, transverse muscle at the tip of the jaw, the m. submentalis. Previous anatomical work has demonstrated the presence of muscle spindles in the submentalis, leading to the hypothesis that the activation of this muscle may provide proprioceptive information to aid in coordinating the feeding biomechanics in Rhinella marina. Here, we demonstrate that the submentalis likely acts as a ‘trigger’ to initiate the hypoglossal nerve to activate the tongue, and without feedback information from the muscle spindles of the submentalis, tongue protraction is compromised.

Capillary detection in transverse muscle sections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moi Hoon Yap ◽  
Ahmad Nadim Baharum ◽  
Glenn Ferris ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Ezak Fadzrin Ahmad Shaubari
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Muscle

Morphological Analyses of the Human Tongue Musculature for Three-Dimensional Modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Genioglossus Muscle ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Muscular Structure ◽  
Transverse Muscle

Skilled movements of the tongue in speech articulation reflect complex formation of the tongue musculature, although its description in the anatomical literature is rather limited for developing a realistic computational model of the tongue. This study presents detailed descriptions of the muscular structure of the human tongue based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and provides threedimensional schemata of the tongue musculature. Histologic examination revealed that the tongue consists of five strata, stacked along the courses of the fibers of the genioglossus muscle in proximal-distal directions. This stratum structure exists in the entire tongue tissue, indicating that the lingual musculature can be divided into the inner and outer regions. The former consisted of the "stem" and "core," and the latter of the "cover" and "fringe." In gross dissection, the tongue was cut into wedge-like blocks along the course of the genioglossus muscle to examine muscle fiber arrangement. Using this approach, it was determined that serial repetitions of "structural units" composed the inner musculature of the tongue. Each unit consisted of a pair of thin muscle fiber laminae; one was composed of the genioglossus and vertical muscles, and the other of the transverse muscle. In the apex, the laminae lacked the fibers of the genioglossus. These findings have been incorporated in three-dimensional schemata of the tongue musculature.

A hill-type muscle model expansion accounting for effects of varying transverse muscle load

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Siebert ◽  
Norman Stutzig ◽  
Christian Rode
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Model ◽  
Transverse Muscle ◽  
Model Expansion
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