scholarly journals Pharyngeal plexus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hacking ◽  
Mila Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Pharyngeal Plexus

Unilateral pharyngeal plexus injury following use of an oropharyngeal pack during third-molar surgery

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mermer ◽  
David Zwillenberg ◽  
Andrew Maron ◽  
Charles B. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus

Voice Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy and Tracheoesophageal Puncture Using Nonmuscle Closure

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Clevens ◽  
Duane O. Hartshorn ◽  
Ramon M. Esclamado ◽  
Jan S. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Pharyngoesophageal Segment ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Neck Recurrence ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Successful Production

The successful production of voice with a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) and voice prosthesis requires a compliant pharyngoesophageal segment. Speech failure is commonly attributed to spasm of the pharyngoesophageal segment. During total laryngectomy (TL), a 3-layer closure is typically performed. This prospective single-arm study examines the safety and efficacy of TL and TEP with nonclosure of the pharyngeal musculature to prevent pharyngoesophageal spasm as an alternative to 3-layer closure with pharyngeal plexus neurectomy and/or pharyngeal constrictor myotomy. Twenty-one consecutive patients were enrolled by a single surgeon. The mean duration of follow-up was 19.5 ± 7.9 months. Surgical complications and voice rehabilitation outcomes were examined. An overall complication rate of 28.5% was observed. Fluency was achieved in 75% of patients within a mean of 4.3 ± 5.1 months. Speech failure was attributable to early primary site and neck recurrence (5%), hypoglossal nerve palsy (5%), hypopharyngeal stricture and recurrence (5%), dementia (5%), and intransigent alcohol abuse (5%). Pharyngeosophageal spasm was not observed in any subjects. We conclude that primary TEP with nonclosure of the pharyngeal muscle during TL is relatively safe. Furthermore, it is preferable over 3-layer closure because it avoids pharyngeosophageal spasm, a factor limiting voice rehabilitation.

Reflex Vocal Fold Adduction in the Porcine Model: The Effects of Stimuli Delivered to Various Sensory Nerves

2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Soo Woo ◽  
Jagdeep S. Hundal ◽  
Clarence T. Sasaki ◽  
Mikhail W. Abdelmessih ◽  
Stephen P. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Internal Branch ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
Intercostal Nerves ◽  
Glottic Closure Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify a panel of sensory nerves capable of eliciting an evoked glottic closure reflex (GCR) and to quantify the glottic closing force (GCF) of these responses in a porcine model. Methods: In 5 pigs, the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (iSLN) and the trigeminal, pharyngeal plexus, glossopharyngeal, radial, and intercostal nerves were surgically isolated and electrically stimulated. During stimulation of each nerve, the GCR was detected by laryngeal electromyography and the GCF was measured with a pressure transducer. Results: The only nerve that elicited the GCR in the 5 pigs was the iSLN. The average GCF was 288.9 mm Hg. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the only afferent nerve that elicits the GCR in pigs is the iSLN, and that it should remain the focus of research for the rehabilitation of patients with absent or defective reflex vocal fold adduction.

Nerve Supply to the Soft Palate Muscles with Special Reference to the Distribution of the Lesser Palatine Nerve

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shimokawa ◽  
Shuangquin Yi ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

Objective Descriptions of the innervation of the soft palate muscles in previous studies have varied according to the author. In the present study, distribution of the lesser palatine nerve, through which motor fibers of the facial nerve are considered to reach soft palate muscles, and that of the pharyngeal plexus in the soft palate were investigated in order to reexamine the innervation of the soft palate muscles according to anatomical evidence. Results Observations suggested that the levator veli palatini and palatopharyngeus were doubly innervated by branches of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus, and that the musculus uvulae was innervated by only the lesser palatine nerve. Conclusion The soft palate is considered to be located in the border region between the areas of distribution of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus. This may be why controversies exist in previous studies about the innervation of the soft palate muscles.

268 Smart polymer implants as an emerging technology for treating airway collapse in OSA: a proof of concept study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A107-A108
Author(s):  
Anders Sideris ◽  
Gordon Wallace ◽  
Matthew Lam ◽  
Leon Kitipornchai ◽  
Richard Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Airway Collapse ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus

Abstract Introduction Implantable 3D printed ‘smart’ polymers are an emerging technology with potential applications in treating collapse in adult obstructive sleep apnea through mechanical airway manipulation. There is a paucity of devices that are commercially available or in research and development stage. Limited studies have investigated the use of implantable smart polymers in reversing the collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway by creating counter forces during sleep. This paper describes an application of implantable magnetic polymer technology in an in-vivo porcine model. Study Objectives: To assess the use of a novel magnetic polymer implant in reversing airway collapse and identifying potential anatomical targets for airway implant surgery in an in-vivo porcine model. Methods Target sites of airway collapse were genioglossus muscle, hyoid bone and middle constrictor. Magnetic polymer implants were sutured to these sites and external magnetic forces, through magnets with pull forces rated at 102kg and 294kg, were applied at the skin. The resultant airway movement was assessed via nasendoscopy. Pharyngeal plexus branches to the middle constrictor muscle were stimulated at 0.5mA, 1.0mA and 2.0mA and airway movement assessed via nasendoscopy. Results At the genioglossus muscles large magnetic forces were required to produce airway movement. At the hyoid bone, anterior movement of the airway was noted when using a 294kg rated magnet. At the middle constrictor muscle, an anterolateral (or rotatory) pattern of airway movement was noted when using the same magnet. Stimulation of pharyngeal plexus branches to the middle constrictor revealed contraction and increasing rigidity of the lateral walls of the airway as stimulation amplitude increased. The resultant effect was prevention of collapse, a previously unidentified pattern of airway movement. Conclusion Surgically implanted smart polymers are an emerging technology showing promise in the treatment of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea. Future research should investigate their biomechanical role as an adjunct to treatment of airway collapse through nerve stimulation. Support (if any) Garnett-Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation, Conjoint Grant, 2016-18.

Persistent cough associated with osteophyte formation and vagus nerve impingement following cervical spinal surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Serkan Orhan ◽  
Şenol Acar ◽  
Murat Ulusan ◽  
Aydın Aydoseli ◽  
Yahya Güldiken
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Cervical Collar ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Persistent Cough ◽  
Fascia Lata Graft ◽  
Prevertebral Fascia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Persistent cough due to irritation of the vagus nerve by osteophytes resulting from cervical spinal surgery is a very rare condition. The authors report the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with a persistent cough subsequent to cervical spinal surgery. One year after the initial operation, the patient underwent surgery to free the larynx from the prevertebral fascia and cut the pharyngeal plexus, but her symptoms persisted. In order to control the cough, she used a soft cervical collar with padding inserted in the left side so that the larynx would be pushed to the right, a solution she discovered on her own. Without the collar, she coughed uncontrollably. A CT scan was performed and showed an osteophyte that had developed at the level of the prosthesis. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesized that the cough was caused by vagus nerve irritation due to the osteophyte. The osteophyte was resected and the vagus nerve was moved to a position anterior to the carotid artery and was isolated by means of an autogenous tensor fascia lata graft. The patient's symptom disappeared immediately after the surgery. At the most recent follow-up visit, 18 months after surgery, the patient was symptom free and was pursuing regular daily activities without using a cervical collar.

Dysphagia among patients after total laryngectomy: diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Barbara Jamróz ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak ◽  
Magdalna Milewska
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Dysphagia concerns 10–89% patients after total laryngectomy; to a greater extent, it concerns patients receiving complementary radiotherapy. The disease mechanism is associated with anatomical changes after surgery (scope of surgery) or complications of adjuvant therapy (xerostomia, neuropathy, swelling of tissue, etc.). The above changes lead to: decreased mobility of the lateral walls of the pharynx and tongue retraction, the occurrence of lingual pumping, decreased swallowing reflex, weakening of the upper esophageal sphincter opening, contraction of the cricopharyngeal muscle, tissue fibrosis, formation of pharyngeal pseudodiverticulum, etc. As a result: regurgitation of food through the nose and oral cavity, food sticking in middle and lower pharynx, prolongation of bolus transit time. Upon the formation of tracheoesophageal fistula, there may be aspiration of gastric contents. The above changes considerably reduce patients’ quality of life after surgery. The diagnostic protocol includes: medical interview (questionnaires can be helpful such as: EAT 10, SSQ, MDADI, DHI), clinical swallowing assessment and instrumental examinations: primarily videofluoroscopy but also endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. In selected cases, multifrequency manometry is necessary. The treatment options include: surgical methods (e.g. balloon dilatation of the upper esophageal sphincter, cricopharyngeal myotomy, pharyngeal plexus neurectomy, removal of the pharyngeal pseudodiverticulum), conservative methods (e.g. botulinum toxin injection of the upper esophageal sphincter, speech therapy, nutritional treatment) and supportive methods such as consultation with a psychologis physiotherapist, clinical dietitian. The selection of a specific treatment method should be preceded by a diagnostic process in which the mechanism of functional disorders related to voice formation and swallowing will be established.

Contribution of the pharyngeal plexus to vocal cord adduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroumi Matsuzaki ◽  
Boris Paskhover ◽  
Clarence T. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus
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