scholarly journals Criminal Justice and Human Rights

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (72) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Héctor Olásolo
2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062110159
Author(s):  
Mugambi Jouet

Michel Foucault’s advocacy toward penal reform in France differed from his theories. Although Foucault is associated with the prison abolition movement, he also proposed more humane prisons. The article reframes Foucauldian theory through a dialectic with the theories of Marc Ancel, a prominent figure in the emergence of liberal sentencing norms in France. Ancel and Foucault were contemporaries whose legacies are intertwined. Ancel defended more benevolent prisons where experts would rehabilitate offenders. This evokes exactly what Discipline and Punish cast as an insidious strategy of social control. In reality, Foucault and Ancel converged in intriguing ways. The dialectic offers another perspective on Foucault, whose theories have fostered skepticism about the possibility of progress. While mass incarceration’s rise in the United States may evoke a Foucauldian dystopia, the relative development of human rights and dignity in European punishment reflects aspirations that Foucault embraced as an activist concerned about fatalistic interpretations of his theories.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Zahra Emadoleslami ◽  
Hadi Ghorbani

Abstract The right of citizenship in criminal law is one of the important cases in the field of human rights and has received attention from various human rights documents. In Iran's criminal law in various cases also respect to legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights. Besides trying to give more attention to citizenship rights based on fair assessment. An important question that can be raised in is howthe regulation to respect the legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights in Iranian law proportional to French law in terms of a fair assessment? The findings from this survey show that there is a compilation of regulation respecting legal freedom and protecting citizenship rights. In addition, there is an internalization effort to pay attention the human rights in criminal justice, in the form of action to eliminate the aggression against the rights of citizen and this rule emphasizes cases that consistent with French law. In the rules of respect for legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights, such as the rights of convicted people in France, it has emphasized the existence of freedom, personal security, prohibition of torture, self-respect of the accused by defending their rights and protecting themselves.Keywords: Freedom of law, human rights, citizenship rights, fair assessment, Iranian law, French law AbstrakHak kewarganegaraan dalam hukum pidana adalah salah satu kasus penting di bidang hak asasi manusia dan telah mendapatkan perhatian dari berbagai dokumen hak asasi manusia. Dalam hukum pidana Iran dalam berbagai kasus juga memberikan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan. Selain diupayakan untuk memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap hak kewarganegaraan berdasarkan penilaian yang adil. Pertanyaan pentingdalam hal ini adalah seberapa besar aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan dalam hukum Iran berbanding lurus dengan hukum Prancis dalam sudut pandang penilaian yang adil? Temuan-temuan dari survey ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya kompilasi aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan. Selain itu, adanya upaya internalisasi untuk memberikan perhatian terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam peradilan pidana, berupa tindakan untuk menghapus tindakan agresi terhadap hak-hak warga negara, dan aturan ini menekankan pada kasus-kasus yang relevan dengan hukum Prancis. Dalam aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak-hak kewarganegaraan, seperti hak-hak terpidana di Perancistelah ditekankan pada adanya kebebasan, keamanan pribadi, larangan penyiksaan, penghargaan diri orang yang tertuduh dengan membela hak-hak dan melindungi diri pribadi.Kata kunci: Kebebasan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan hak kewarganegaraan АннотацияПраво на гражданство в уголовном праве является одним из самых важных в области прав человека и привлекает внимание в различных документах по правам человека. В Иране уголовное право в различных случаях также уважает правовую свободу и сохранение гражданских прав и стремится уделять больше внимания гражданским правам на основе справедливого суждения. Важный вопрос, который может быть поднят в этом отношении, заключается в том, насколько правило уважения к правовой свободе и сохранению гражданских прав в иранском законодательстве прямопропорционально французскому законодательству с точки зрения справедливого суждения. Результаты этого исследования показывают, что существует свод правил, которые уважают правовую свободу и сохранение гражданских прав. Кроме того, предпринимаются усилия по интернализации, направленные на то, чтобы уделять внимание правам человека в сфере уголовного правосудия в форме ликвидации действий агрессии против гражданских прав. Данное положение подчеркивает случаи, которые соответствуют французскому законодательству. В правилах уважения правовой свободы и сохранения гражданских прав, таких как права осужденных во Франции, подчеркивается существование свободы, личной безопасности, запрета пыток, самооценки обвиняемого путем защиты их прав и себя. Ключевые слова: правовая свобода, права человека, гражданские права, справедливое суждение, иранское право, французское право


2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Whitty

AbstractRisk and human rights discourses have become dominant features of the UK criminal justice arena. However, there has been little critical scrutiny of the ways in which these discourses relate to each other. In this article, I focus on different accounts of the case of Anthony Rice, a 48-year old ex-offender who committed a murder in August 2005 whilst under the joint supervision of English probation and police services. Drawing upon official reviews by the Inspectorate of Probation and the UK Parliament Joint Committee on Human Rights, as well as media coverage, I use the Rice case to problematise some common assumptions about the relationship between risk and human rights.


2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Ogechi Anyanwu

The reemergence of the Shari`ah in northern Nigeria in 2000 is reshaping the Muslims’ criminal justice system in unintended ways. This article accounts for and provides fresh insights on how the fate of Muslim women under the Shari`ah intertwines with the uncertain future of the law in Nigeria. Using Emile Durkheim’s theory of conscience collective as an explanatory framework of analysis, I argue that the well-placed objective of using the Shari` ah to reaffirm or create social solidarity among Muslim Nigerians has been undermined by the unequal, harsher punishments and suppression of human rights perpetrated against Muslim women since 2000. A I show, not only does such discrimination violate the principle of natural justice upheld by Islam, but it also threatens to shrink, if not wipe out, the collective conscience of Nigerian Muslims that the law originally sought to advance.


2015 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Anne Eyre ◽  
Pam Dix

This chapter describes how a significant part of Disaster Action's mission has been to help create a health and safety climate in which disasters are less likely to occur. The focus on corporate responsibility has underpinned this intention. The degree to which Maurice de Rohan personally, and Disaster Action as a whole, succeeded in influencing government thinking is reflected in the remarks made by the then Home Secretary John Reid when he introduced the second reading of the Corporate Manslaughter Bill in the House of Commons on October 10, 2006. Getting to that point in 2006 had been a long, committed, and hard road for Disaster Action. The chapter then looks at Disaster Action's proposal for radical changes in the criminal justice system concerning the treatment of possible corporate crimes of violence. It also considers the establishment of the Centre for Corporate Accountability (CCA), which is a not-for-profit human rights organisation concerned with the promotion of worker and public safety.


Author(s):  
Clooney Amal ◽  
Webb Philippa

This chapter focuses on the right to be presumed innocent, one of the most ancient and important principles of criminal justice, and a prerequisite for any system based on the rule of law. The right is absolute and non-derogable and, at its core, prohibits convictions that are predetermined or based on flimsy grounds. International human rights bodies have therefore found that where a conviction is based on non-existent, insufficient, or unreliable evidence, the presumption has been violated and a miscarriage of justice has occurred. More frequently, international human rights bodies have applied the presumption to require specific procedural protections during a trial. These include guarantees that the prosecution bears the burden of proving a defendant’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt, and that the defendant should not be presented or described as a criminal before he has been proved to be one. The chapter concludes that the presumption is protected in similar terms in international human rights treaties, but also highlights divergences in international jurisprudence relating to the standard for finding that a court’s assessment of evidence violates the presumption, the permissibility of reversing the burden of proof, and the extent to which the presumption applies after a trial has been completed.


Author(s):  
Kjersti Lohne

A sociology of punishment for international criminal justice enables attention to the norms, morals, and values at play in the motivational dynamics of penal reforms. At the same time, these cultural forces must be analysed against the background of social organization and structure, indeed, as to what enables people to think and feel in certain ways and to promote policies in accordance with their sensibilities. As such, this chapter explores international criminal justice as a field replete with cosmopolitan sensibilities, but also of lifestyles, qualifications, and restraints. Finding that international criminal justice is perceived as a cosmopolitan expression of social justice, the first part conceptualizes human rights NGOs working in international criminal justice as global moral entrepreneurs and shows how they use humanist discourses to promote global justice-making through law, turning them into advocates of international criminal justice. Balancing claims to authority in the field, the NGOs have to navigate between being ‘insiders’ as experts and ‘outsiders’ that can claim moral authority. The analysis draws on scholarship inspired by Bourdieu and is put to work on transnational fields, enabling attention to what is often downplayed in studies of international law, namely class. As such, the chapter inquires into whose imaginations of global justice become part of its materiality, finding that advocates of humanity predominantly belong to a class of transnational western professionals.


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