scholarly journals Effects of Prior-Task Success on Young and Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance an Evaluation of the Strategy Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Fleur Brun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Task Success ◽  
Prior Task

scholarly journals Improving older adults’ memory performance using prior task success.

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Geraci ◽  
Tyler M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Task Success ◽  
Prior Task

When Older Adults Outperform Young Adults: Effects of Prior-Task Success in Arithmetic

Gerontology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Jonas Gouraud ◽  
Poshita Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Task Success ◽  
Prior Task

Pedometer-assessed steps per day as a predictor of cognitive performance in older adults.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Calamia ◽  
Alyssa De Vito ◽  
John P. K. Bernstein ◽  
Daniel S. Weitzner ◽  
Owen T. Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Steps Per Day

scholarly journals The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Deborah Talamonti ◽  
Thomas Vincent ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Anil Nigam ◽  
Frédéric Lesage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cortical Response

Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.

Evaluation of Motor and Cognitive Performance in People with Parkinson’s Disease Using Instrumented Trail-Making Test

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ram kinker Mishra ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
He Zhou ◽  
Bijan Najafi ◽  
T. Adam Thrasher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Changes Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Parkinson’s disease (PD) progressively impairs motor and cognitive performance. The current tools to detect decline in motor and cognitive functioning are often impractical for busy clinics and home settings. To address the gap, we designed an instrumented trail-making task (iTMT) based on a wearable sensor (worn on the shin) with interactive game-based software installed on a tablet. The iTMT test includes reaching to 5 indexed circles, a combination of numbers (1–3) and letters (A&amp;B) randomly positioned inside target circles, in a sequential order, which virtually appears on a screen kept in front of the participants, by rotating one’s ankle joint while standing and holding a chair for safety. By measuring time to complete iTMT task (iTMT time), iTMT enables quantifying cognitive-motor performance. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> This study’s objective is to examine the feasibility of iTMT to detect early cognitive-motor decline in PDs. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Three groups of volunteers, including 14 cognitively normal (CN) older adults, 14 PDs, and 11 mild cognitive impaireds (MCI), were recruited. Participants completed MoCA, 20 m walking test, and 3 trials of iTMT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All participants enabled to complete iTMT with &#x3c;3 min, indicating high feasibility. The average iTMT time for CN-Older, PD, and MCI participants were 20.9 ± 0.9 s, 32.3 ± 2.4 s, and 40.9 ± 4.5 s, respectively. After adjusting for age and education level, pairwise comparison suggested large effect sizes for iTMT between CN-older versus PD (Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 1.7, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and CN-older versus MCI (<i>d</i> = 1.57, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Significant correlations were observed when comparing iTMT time with the gait speed (<i>r</i> = −0.4, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and MoCA score (<i>r</i> = −0.56, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrated the feasibility and early results supporting the potential application of iTMT to determine cognitive-motor and distinguishing individuals with MCI and PD from CN-older adults. Future studies are warranted to test the ability of iTMT to track its subtle changes over time.

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