scholarly journals Genes Relevant to Tissue Response to Cancer Therapy Display Diurnal Variation in mRNA Expression in Human Oral Mucosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fangyi Gu ◽  
Eduardo Cortes Gomez ◽  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Matthew F. Buas ◽  
Nicolas F. Schlecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Response

scholarly journals Cytokine mRNA Expression in Lesions in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harley ◽  
C. R. Helps ◽  
D. A. Harbour ◽  
T. J. Gruffydd-Jones ◽  
M. J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

ABSTRACT Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays were developed to measure feline interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 (p35 & p40); gamma interferon (IFN-γ); and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA concentrations in biopsies of feline oral mucosa. Biopsies were collected from 30 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (diseased) prior to each cat receiving one of four treatments. In 23 cases replicate biopsies were collected 3 months after treatment commenced. Biopsies were also analyzed from 11 cats without clinical disease (nondiseased). Expression of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-γ was detected in most nondiseased biopsies, while IL-6 was detected in a minority, and IL-4 and IL-5 were both undetectable. Compared to nondiseased cats, the diseased population showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-γ. In contrast, IL-5 mRNA expression was unchanged and was only detected in one case. No significant relationship was demonstrable between the change in relative expression of specific cytokine mRNA and the change in clinical severity of the local mucosal lesions over the treatment period. The results demonstrate that the normal feline oral mucosa is biased towards a predominantly (Th) type 1 profile of cytokine expression and that during the development of lesions seen in feline chronic gingivostomatitis there is a shift in the cytokine profile from a type 1 to a mixed type 1 and type 2 response.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variation in Rat Liver Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR)-α Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Is Dependent on the Biological Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, whereas Diurnal Variation of TRβ1 mRNA Is Modified by Food Intake

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zandieh Doulabi ◽  
M. Platvoet-Ter Schiphorst ◽  
A. Kalsbeek ◽  
E. Fliers ◽  
O. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Diurnal Changes

Abstract Previous studies have shown a diurnal variation of certain isoforms of thyroid hormone receptors (TR) in rat liver. The genesis of these diurnal changes is still unknown. To clarify whether the biological clock, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is involved, we made selective SCN lesions. Rats with an SCN lesion lost their circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone and TSH when compared with intact animals. TRα1 and TRα2 mRNA expression of control rats was higher in the light period than in the dark period; changes that were abolished in the rats with SCN lesions. In contrast, liver TRβ1 mRNA of intact rats showed a diurnal variation that failed to reach statistical significance. To evaluate whether these effects could be explained indirectly by the disappearance of rhythmic feeding behavior in rats with SCN lesions, we performed a second experiment in which otherwise intact animals were subjected to a regular feeding (RF) schedule, with one meal every 4 h. When compared with rats with free access to food, RF only affected TRβ1 mRNA expression and had no effect on the diurnal changes in TRα1 and TRα2. We conclude that liver TRβ1 expression is most clearly affected by food intake. Diurnal changes in liver TRα1 and TRα2 are controlled by the biological clock in the SCN but not via changes in the daily rhythm of food intake. The findings may have physiological relevance for diurnal variation of T3-dependent gene expression, which is supported by a diurnal variation in the expression of the 5′-deiodinase gene.

Regulation of rat pituitary cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) by CRH and glucocorticoids

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. E583-E590 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stanley ◽  
K. G. Murphy ◽  
G. A. Bewick ◽  
W. M. Kong ◽  
J. Opacka-Juffry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) was originally isolated from rat brain, but CART is also synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary. The localization of pituitary CART and factors regulating its synthesis are largely unknown. The regulation of pituitary CART synthesis and release in response to CRH and glucocorticoids was examined in vitro and in vivo. CART immunoreactivity (CART-IR) was released from anterior pituitary segments. This release was increased 15-fold in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Intraperitoneal administration of CRH to rats significantly increased plasma CART-IR. Furthermore, CART-IR content and plasma CART-IR were significantly increased in adrenalectomized rats, and anterior pituitary CART mRNA expression, CART-IR content, and plasma CART-IR were significantly decreased in corticosterone-treated rats. Plasma CART-IR showed a pattern of diurnal variation similar to that of ACTH and corticosterone, and plasma CART-IR was positively correlated with corticosterone. CART-IR was detectable in the medium of the corticotroph cell line AtT-20. Dual in situ hybridization for prepro-CART (ppCART) mRNA expression and immunocytochemistry for ACTH showed localization of ppCART mRNA to a subpopulation of ACTH-immunoreactive cells. These findings demonstrate that pituitary CART expression and release are regulated by CRH and the glucocorticoid environment and that pituitary CART is partly localized to corticotrophs.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic analysis reveals GSG2 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 688-698
Author(s):  
Zheng Ye ◽  
Zhaoyu Zhang ◽  
Lijiao Fang ◽  
Daiquan Tian ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Cancer Tissues

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the potential role of GSG2 in breast cancer progression.MethodsThe mRNA expression, DNA copy number and clinical data used in this study were obtained from the TCGA data portal. The copy number variations (CNVs) thresholds were determined according to the set of discrete copy number calls provided by Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC).ResultsThe mRNA expression level of GSG2 in 112 breast cancer tissues was much higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. GSG2 was significantly upregulated in stage II compared with stage I, and there was no differential expression of GSG2 between tumors with or without metastasis. Heterozygous deletion occupied 57.1% of CNVs for GSG2 gene in breast cancer samples. Patients with higher GSG2 expression tended to suffer from poorer prognosis.ConclusionOur profiling analysis indicated the overexpression of GSG2 might play an important role in breast cancer development, suggesting that GSG2 could be a new target for breast cancer treatment, making GSG2 inhibitors becoming potential drugs for breast cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Expression of proposed methionine transporters along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and their regulation by dietary methionine sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Romanet ◽  
Jörg R. Aschenbach ◽  
Robert Pieper ◽  
Jürgen Zentek ◽  
John K. Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Background Given the key role of methionine (Met) in biological processes like protein translation, methylation, and antioxidant defense, inadequate Met supply can limit performance. This study investigated the effect of different dietary Met sources on the expression profile of various Met transporters along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Methods A total of 27 pigs received a diet supplemented with 0.21% DL-Met, 0.21% L-Met, or 0.31% DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA). Changes in mRNA expression of B0AT1, ATB0,+, rBAT, ASCT2, IMINO, LAT4, y+LAT1, LAT2, and SNAT2 were evaluated in the oral mucosa, cardia, fundus, pylorus, duodenum, proximal jejunum, middle jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon, complemented by protein expression analysis of B0AT1, ASCT2, LAT2, and LAT4. Results Expression of all investigated transcripts differed significantly along the GIT. B0AT1, rBAT, y+LAT1, LAT2, and LAT4 showed strongest mRNA expression in small intestinal segments. ASCT2, IMINO, and SNAT2 were similarly expressed along the small and large intestines but expression differed in the oral mucosa and stomach. ATB0,+ showed highest mRNA expression in large intestinal tissues, cardia, and pylorus. In pigs fed DL-Met, mRNA expression of ASCT2 was higher than in pigs fed DL-HMTBA in small intestinal tissues and mRNA expression of IMINO was lower than in pigs fed L-Met in large intestinal tissues. Dietary DL-HMTBA induced a stronger mRNA expression of basolateral uptake systems either in the small (LAT2) or large (y+LAT1) intestine. Protein expression of B0AT1 was higher in the middle jejunum and ileum in pigs fed DL-Met when compared with the other Met supplements. LAT4 expression was higher in pigs fed DL-HMTBA when compared with DL-Met (small intestine) and L-Met (small intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach). Conclusion A high expression of several Met transporters in small intestinal segments underlines the primary role of these segments in amino acid absorption; however, some Met transporters show high transcript and protein levels also in large intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach. A diet containing DL-Met has potential to increase apical Met transport in the small intestine, whereas a diet containing DL-HMTBA has potential to increase basolateral Met transport in the small intestine and, partly, other gastrointestinal tissues.

Oral Mucosa Tissue Response to Titanium Cover Screws

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Olmedo ◽  
María L. Paparella ◽  
Martín Spielberg ◽  
Daniel Brandizzi ◽  
María B. Guglielmotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Response

scholarly journals Diurnal regulation of hypothalamic kisspeptin is disrupted during mouse pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra C Yap ◽  
Michaela D Wharfe ◽  
Peter J Mark ◽  
Brendan J Waddell ◽  
Jeremy T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Surge ◽  
Diurnal Regulation

Kisspeptin, the neuropeptide product of the Kiss1 gene, is critical in driving the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus mediate differential effects, with the Arc regulating negative feedback of sex steroids and the AVPV regulating positive feedback, vital for the preovulatory surge and gated under circadian control. We aimed to characterize hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1r mRNA expression in nonpregnant and pregnant mice, and investigate potential circadian regulation. Anterior and posterior hypothalami were collected from C57BL/6J mice at diestrus, proestrus, and days 6, 10, 14, and 18 of pregnancy, at six time points across 24h, for real-time PCR analysis of gene expression. Analysis confirmed that Kiss1 mRNA expression in the AVPV increased at ZT13 during proestrus, with a luteinizing hormone surge observed thereafter. No diurnal regulation was seen at diestrus or at any stage of pregnancy. Anterior hypothalamic Avp mRNA expression exhibited no diurnal variation, but Avpr1a peaked at 12:00h during proestrus, possibly reflecting the circadian input from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to AVPV Kiss1 neurons. Rfrp (Npvf) expression in the posterior hypothalamus did not demonstrate diurnal variation at any stage. Clock genes Bmal1 and Rev-erbα were strongly diurnal, but there was little change between diestrus/proestrus and pregnancy. Our data indicate the absence of the circadian input to Kiss1 in pregnancy, despite high gestational estradiol levels and normal clock gene expression, and may suggest a disruption of a kisspeptin-specific diurnal rhythm that operates in the nonpregnant state.

QS361. Diurnal Variation in DPYD MRNA Expression in the Intestinal Mucosa: A Potential Mechanism for Benefits of 5-FU Chrono-Chemotherapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
K. Abolmaali ◽  
A. Balakrishnan ◽  
A.T. Stearns ◽  
J. Rounds ◽  
D.B. Rhoads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Potential Mechanism

Cerebral Tissue Response in Chronic Electrode Implantation

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
R.F. Dodson ◽  
L.W-F Chu ◽  
N. Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Electrode Sheath

The extent of damage surrounding an implanted electrode in the cerebral cortex is a question of significant importance with regard to attaining consistency and validity of physiological recordings. In order to determine the extent of such tissue changes, 150 micron diameter platinum electrodes were implanted in the cortex of four adult baboons, and after eight days the animals were sacrificed by whole body perfusion with a 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate fixative.The calvarium was carefully removed and the electrode tracts were readily discernible in the firm, glutaraldehyde fixed tissue.Careful dissection of the zone of the electrode tract resulted in a small block which was further sectioned into tip, mid-tract and surface areas. Ultrastructurally, damage extended from the electrode sheath to the greatest extent of from 0.2 to 3.5 mm.

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