scholarly journals A Uniform Conspiracy Mindset or Differentiated Reactions to Specific Conspiracy Beliefs? Evidence From Latent Profile Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marius Frenken ◽  
Roland Imhoff
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Latent Profile

scholarly journals A Uniform Conspiracy Mindset or Differentiated Reactions to Specific Conspiracy Beliefs? Evidence From Latent Profile Analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Frenken ◽  
Roland Imhoff
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Total N ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Latent Profile

Conspiracy theories arise for virtually any public event (e.g., pandemics, assassinations, disasters). In light of positively correlated endorsements of such beliefs, many have pointed to a more general mindset behind this. Others have argued against this notion of a consistent mindset. Applying Latent Profile Analyses, we examine the evidence for either uniform or differentiated response patterns to various items in five studies (reanalyzed datasets, total N = 7877). Overall, the results speak strongly to uniform reactions that could be summarized as a general mindset, but also revealed important qualifications. First, small parts of the samples show more differentiated patterns in relation to extraterrestrial cover-up narratives (Studies 2 to 4) or contradictory theories (Study 5). Second, indicators dealing with the general suppression of relevant information in the public were among the items with the highest approval ratings across all classes. One discussed implication is that existing scales are useful tools to measure conspiracy mindsets. Another implication is that the average endorsement of any conspiracy theory is a function of both the respondents’ conspiracy mindset and the item’s psychometric difficulty, strongly suggesting interpreting item endorsement only in relative terms, but refraining from interpreting a high agreement as an absolute number.

scholarly journals Do Distinct Groups of Reactively and Proactively Aggressive Children Exist? A Confirmatory Latent Profile Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk van Dijk ◽  
Julie A. Hubbard ◽  
Peter K. H. Deschamps ◽  
Wieteke Hiemstra ◽  
Hanneke Polman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Profile Approach ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Latent Profile

AbstractThe present study examined whether there are distinct groups of children with reactive versus proactive motives for their aggressive behavior. We extended previous research by using a person-based analytical approach on data from a questionnaire assessing children’s motives independently from the severity of their aggression. Two competing hypotheses were tested. The both subtypes hypothesis holds that both reactive and proactive subtypes exist, as well as a mixed subtype. The reactive only hypothesis holds that only reactive and mixed subtypes exist. Hypotheses were tested on existing data from a community sample of children displaying aggression (Study 1: n = 228, ages 10–13, 54% boys), and two clinical samples of children with aggressive behavior problems (Study 2: n = 115, ages 8–13, 100% boys; Study 3: n = 123, ages 6–8, 78% boys). Teachers reported on children’s reactive and proactive motives. We selected measures available from peers, parents, teachers, and children themselves to compare the supported subtypes on variables that previous literature suggests uniquely correlate with reactive versus proactive aggression. Confirmatory latent profile analyses revealed that the both subtypes hypothesis best fit the data of all three samples. Most children were classified as reactive (55.7–61.8% across samples), with smaller percentages classified as proactive (10.4–24.1%) and mixed (18.0–33.9%). However, these subtypes only differed in expected directions on 7 out of 34 measures. Overall, results support the existence of both reactive and proactive subtypes of aggressive children, but the distinctiveness of these subtypes in terms of social-emotional characteristics warrants further study.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Mental Toughness as Antecedents of Academic Burnout among School Students: A Latent Profile Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Cheung ◽  
Chunxiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Profile

Background: The purpose of the current survey-based study was to identify patterns of academic burnout and their antecedents among secondary school students. Methods: Secondary school students (n = 1209) completed a survey measuring academic burnout, physical activity, and mental toughness. Results: Using latent profile analyses, three burnout profiles were identified: a “moderately engaged group” (n = 699; 57.8%), a “burnout group” (n = 389; 32.2%), and a “well-functioning group” (n = 121; 10.0%). Group comparisons revealed that the “well-functioning group” reported significantly higher levels of physical activity and mental toughness than the other two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lack of physical activity and mental toughness are potential risk factors for academic burnout. These findings may inform the development of intervention programs for academic burnout.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Self-Efficacy, Goals, and Problems of Persistently Depressed Outpatients: Prototypical Circumplex Profiles and Distinctive Subgroups

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke ◽  
Liliane Sayegh ◽  
Charlotte Weber ◽  
Gustavo Turecki
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Structural Summary ◽  
Latent Profile

Severely and persistently depressed outpatients ( n = 138) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of self-efficacy, problems, and values/goals. Compared with normative samples, patients showed deficits in agency: They reported less self-efficacy, especially for being assertive, tough, and influential; stronger goals, especially to avoid conflict or humiliation; and more problems, especially with being too timid, inhibited, and accommodating. Circular and structural summary indices suggested greater variability among patients in goal profiles than in efficacy or problem profiles; nonetheless, latent profile analyses identified coherent subgroups of patients with distinct patterns of efficacy (e.g., lacking confidence for speaking up vs. setting boundaries) and problems (e.g., being overly inhibited vs. self-sacrificing) as well as goals (e.g., to be included vs. unobtrusive). Women and those with more severe symptoms were overrepresented in the least agentic groups. The results show how observing patients through multiple circumplex surfaces simultaneously can help clarify their interpersonal dispositions and inform interventions.

scholarly journals Appraisal shifts during reappraisal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andero Uusberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Latent Profile

How might we model the processes involved in regulating emotions via reappraisal? In two complementary studies, we tested the idea that reappraisal effects on emotion are mediated by shifts along appraisal dimensions. In an experimental Study 1, 437 students recalled a recent distressing event and rated their appraisals and emotions before and after using reappraisal to feel less negative about the event. Between 19% and 49% of changes to different emotions were statistically mediated by shifts along ten appraisal dimensions. Latent profile analyses suggested that the appraisal shifts reflected four distinct reappraisal tactics. These findings were conceptually replicated in a second intensive longitudinal study, where 168 participants rated their appraisals and emotions in relation to maximum of 3 emotional events for 7 days, first within an hour of the event and again in the evening when they also reported on emotion regulation use (1142 observations). Between 22% and 46% of changes to different emotions accompanying reappraisal use were mediated by shifts along appraisal dimensions. Appraisal shifts were significantly less relevant for otherwise regulated and spontaneous emotion changes. Relative to Study 1, the latent profile analyses of Study 2 revealed two similar and four novel reappraisal tactics reflecting a broader set of events. Across both studies, all appraisal dimensions were involved in at least one tactic and no dimension was involved in all of them, highlighting the importance of appraisal profiles. These findings suggest that appraisal shift profiles can be part of a useful model of cognitive processes underlying reappraisal.

Variants of Psychopathy in Chinese Juvenile Offenders: A Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110431
Author(s):  
Meng-Cheng Wang ◽  
Xintong Zhang ◽  
Jie Gong ◽  
Jiaxin Deng ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Latent Profile

Despite considerable understanding on the psychopathy subtypes in detained populations, the variants of psychopathy in non-Western populations are less well understood. To address this gap, the present study conducted a series of latent profile analyses with the factors of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, childhood trauma, and trait anxiety in 560 Chinese incarcerated boys ( Mage = 16.92, SD = 0.81). Four subgroups emerged: relatively normal (67.3%); callous, psychopathy-like (2.8%); moderate psychopathy-like (24.8%); and high traumatic, moderate psychopathy-like (5.1%). Moreover, the modified Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars method was used to examine the significant mean differences on covariates across profiles, including proactive aggression, reactive aggression, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy. Results showed that the psychopathic profiles displayed differences on key variables. The callous, psychopathy-like group endorsed higher aggression and lower empathy. This study provides initial empirical support for the existence of psychopathy variants and enhances the understanding of the psychopathic construct in non-Western cultures.

Optimization-Based Model Fitting for Latent Class and Latent Profile Analyses

Psychometrika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Hua Huang ◽  
Su-Mei Wang ◽  
Chung-Chu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Latent Profile
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