scholarly journals The competitive tier model – Element subtraction in German and Pomeranian

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Postma
Keyword(s):  
Model Element

Estimation of Regional Parameters in a Macro Scale Hydrological Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolbjørn Engeland ◽  
Lars Gottschalk ◽  
Lena Tallaksen
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Model Element ◽  
Regular Sampling

Macro-scale hydrological modelling implies a repeated application of a model within an area using regional parameters. These parameters are based on climate and landscape characteristics, and they are used to calculate the water balance in ungauged areas. The regional parameters ought to be robust and not too dependent of the catchment and time period used for calibration. The ECOMAG model is applied for the NOPEX-region as a macro-scale hydrological model distributed on a 2×2 km2 grid. Each model element is assigned parameters according to soil and vegetation classes. A Bayesian methodology is followed. An objective function describing the fit between observed and simulated values is used to describe the likelihood of the parameters. Using Baye's theorem these likelihoods are used to update the probability distributions of the parameters using additional data, being it either an additional year of streamflow or an additional streamflow station. Two sampling methods are used, regular sampling and Metropolis-Hastings sampling. The results show that regional parameters exist according to some predefined criteria. The probability distribution of the parameters shows a decreasing variance as data from new catchments are used for updating. A few parameters do, however, not exhibit this property, and they are therefore not suitable in a regional context.

A Chain of Granules as a Model Element of a “Bundle” of Chains in a Magnetized Matrix: New Opportunities for Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
pp. 168911
Author(s):  
A. Sandulyak ◽  
D.A. Sandulyak ◽  
Y.O. Gorpinenko ◽  
A.V. Sandulyak ◽  
V.A. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Model Element ◽  
A Chain

scholarly journals QUICKEST PATHS IN SIMULATIONS OF PEDESTRIANS

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 733-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS KRETZ ◽  
ANDREE GROßE ◽  
STEFAN HENGST ◽  
LUKAS KAUTZSCH ◽  
ANDREJ POHLMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Model Element ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic

This contribution proposes a method to make agents in a microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic walk approximately along a path of estimated minimal remaining travel time to their destination. Usually models of pedestrian dynamics are (implicitly) built on the assumption that pedestrians walk along the shortest path. Model elements formulated to make pedestrians locally avoid collisions and intrusion into personal space do not produce motion on quickest paths. Therefore a special model element is needed, if one wants to model and simulate pedestrians for whom travel time matters most (e.g. travelers in a station hall who are late for a train). Here such a model element is proposed, discussed and used within the Social Force Model.

Role of Discrepant Questioning Leading to Model Element Modification

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez ◽  
Maria Cecilia Nunez-Oviedo ◽  
John Clement
Keyword(s):  
Model Element

Preliminary Research on Behavior of CFST Columns after Exposure to Overall Stage of Fire

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2729-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xuan Wang ◽  
Peng Peng Zhang ◽  
Wen Da Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solution Method ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Combined Load ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Model Element ◽  
Element Type ◽  
Cfst Columns ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Good Agreement

A finite element analysis (FEA) model was proposed to predict the behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns at overall stage of fire combined load based on ABAQUS. The whole stage includes initial loading, heating, cooling and post-fire phases. Accurate thermal and material model, element type, and solution method were chosen reasonably in the model considering the temperature and combined load. Due to lacking of test data about multi-phase of fires, the FEA model was verified with tests at different stages respectively. Some experimental specimens under different thermal and mechanical conditions were modeled using the FEA model, and the results obtained have good agreement with the experimental results. The mechanism of the CFST columns after exposure to overall stage of fire was also investigated based on the model.

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