Abstract
With active hydraulic fracturing performed since 2012, the Fuling shale gas field in China is one of the largest shale gas fields outside of North America. Recently, a Casing-in-Casing (CiC) refracturing treatment was successfully implemented, resulting in production beyond expectations. This was the first successful application of a CiC refracturing treatment in a horizontal shale gas well in this region, thus providing a new option for refracturing horizontal wells in China.
Bullheading diversion refracturing with diverting balls was previously attempted in this field with high initial production observed; however, production was inconsistent and quickly declined. Therefore, the operator decided to attempt a CiC refracturing method in an understimulated candidate well. This involved installing and cementing 3.5-in. casing in 5.5-in. casing to effectively isolate the perforations, which enabled plugging and perforating operations in the reconstructed wellbore for an effective refracturing treatment. A customized refracturing design integrated the production profile, residual recoverable reserves, and the specific 5.5- × 3.5-in. reconstructed wellbore limitation.
The length of the 3.5-in. casing was optimized to be as short as possible but still cover the original perforations, and high-performance slickwater was used to reduce pipe friction, thus increasing the treatment rate. An engineered breakdown approach was employed for improved fracture initiation. Additionally, more clusters were added between the original clusters and, based on production profile results, some of the original understimulated clusters with little proppant placement were reperforated. To overcome the impact of depleted fractures, a self-degradable particulate diverting agent was used to propagate new fractures, allowing access to new rock to increase total reserve recovery.
The treatment in the reconstructed wellbore was successful, with 21 stages fractured in 12 days, achieving 100% placement of the designed proppant and fluid. A treatment rate of 7 to 12 m3/min from the toe to heel was executed as designed. Test production of 183,800 m3/D was also achieved with a recovery rate of 88.1%. Production has remained consistent and wellhead pressure has remained steady at a high level throughout the first two months of production.
CiC refracturing technology helps overcome common disadvantages experienced with traditional refracturing techniques, such as poorly placed proppant and fluid and inconsistent production. CiC refracturing not only allows exploitation of bypassed reserves from original fractures, but also allows precise stimulation of new rock to obtain the highest reserve recovery. The successful implementation of this case study illustrates the reliability of CiC refracturing technology and provides valuable experience to be used during future regional horizontal well refracturing.
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