scholarly journals Estimating the Specialist Surgical Workforce Density in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Tiwari ◽  
Usuf Chikte ◽  
Kathryn M. Chu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Workforce Density

Defining the critical pediatric surgical workforce density for improving surgical outcomes: a global study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doulia Hamad ◽  
Yasmine Yousef ◽  
Natasha G. Caminsky ◽  
Elena Guadagno ◽  
Viet Anh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Workforce Density

scholarly journals A critical threshold for global pediatric surgical workforce density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Bouchard ◽  
Yao Tian ◽  
Jeanine Justiniano ◽  
Samuel Linton ◽  
Christopher DeBoer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Workforce Density

scholarly journals Towards defining the surgical workforce for children: a geospatial analysis in Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e034253
Author(s):  
Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha ◽  
Joao Vissoci ◽  
Nubia Rocha ◽  
Dan Poenaru ◽  
Mark Shrime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Workforce Density

ObjectivesThe optimal size of the health workforce for children’s surgical care around the world remains poorly defined. The goal of this study was to characterise the surgical workforce for children across Brazil, and to identify associations between the surgical workforce and measures of childhood health.DesignThis study is an ecological, cross-sectional analysis using data from the Brazil public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde).Settings and participantsWe collected data on the surgical workforce (paediatric surgeons, general surgeons, anaesthesiologists and nursing staff), perioperative mortality rate (POMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) across Brazil for 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe performed descriptive analyses, and identified associations between the workforce and U5MR using geospatial analysis (Getis-Ord-Gi analysis, spatial cluster analysis and linear regression models).FindingsThere were 39 926 general surgeons, 856 paediatric surgeons, 13 243 anaesthesiologists and 103 793 nurses across Brazil in 2015. The U5MR ranged from 11 to 26 deaths/1000 live births and the POMR ranged from 0.11–0.17 deaths/100 000 children across the country. The surgical workforce is inequitably distributed across the country, with the wealthier South and Southeast regions having a higher workforce density as well as lower U5MR than the poorer North and Northeast regions. Using linear regression, we found an inverse relationship between the surgical workforce density and U5MR. An U5MR of 15 deaths/1000 births across Brazil is associated with a workforce level of 5 paediatric surgeons, 200 surgeons, 100 anaesthesiologists or 700 nurses/100 000 children.ConclusionsWe found wide disparities in the surgical workforce and childhood mortality across Brazil, with both directly related to socioeconomic status. Areas of increased surgical workforce are associated with lower U5MR. Strategic investment in the surgical workforce may be required to attain optimal health outcomes for children in Brazil, particularly in rural regions.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Combining Professional Interests and Travel: People to People Citizen Ambassador Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Alex Johnson ◽  
Amanda Hitchins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Exchange Program

Abstract This article summarizes a series of trips sponsored by People to People, a professional exchange program. The trips described in this report were led by the first author of this article and include trips to South Africa, Russia, Vietnam and Cambodia, and Israel. Each of these trips included delegations of 25 to 50 speech-language pathologists and audiologists who participated in professional visits to learn of the health, education, and social conditions in each country. Additionally, opportunities to meet with communication disorders professionals, students, and persons with speech, language, or hearing disabilities were included. People to People, partnered with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), provides a meaningful and interesting way to learn and travel with colleagues.

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