scholarly journals Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebreyohans Gebru ◽  
Gebremedhin Romha ◽  
Abrha Asefa ◽  
Haftom Hadush ◽  
Muluberhan Biedemariam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Rabies Exposure

scholarly journals Current characteristics of animal rabies cases in Thailand and relevant risk factors identified by a spatial modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0009980
Author(s):  
Weerapong Thanapongtharm ◽  
Sarin Suwanpakdee ◽  
Arun Chumkaeo ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Anuwat Wiratsudakul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
And Control

The situation of human rabies in Thailand has gradually declined over the past four decades. However, the number of animal rabies cases has slightly increased in the last ten years. This study thus aimed to describe the characteristics of animal rabies between 2017 and 2018 in Thailand in which the prevalence was fairly high and to quantify the association between monthly rabies occurrences and explainable variables using the generalized additive models (GAMs) to predict the spatial risk areas for rabies spread. Our results indicate that the majority of animals affected by rabies in Thailand are dogs. Most of the affected dogs were owned, free or semi-free roaming, and unvaccinated. Clusters of rabies were highly distributed in the northeast, followed by the central and the south of the country. Temporally, the number of cases gradually increased after June and reached a peak in January. Based on our spatial models, human and cattle population density as well as the spatio-temporal history of rabies occurrences, and the distances from the cases to the secondary roads and country borders are identified as the risk factors. Our predictive maps are applicable for strengthening the surveillance system in high-risk areas. Nevertheless, the identified risk factors should be rigorously considered and integrated into the strategic plans for the prevention and control of animal rabies in Thailand.

scholarly journals Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260299
Author(s):  
Tuvshinzaya Zorigt ◽  
Satoshi Ito ◽  
Norikazu Isoda ◽  
Yoshikazu Furuta ◽  
Misheck Shawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Localized Source ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Spatial Cluster Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Annual Summer

Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in Mongolia. Here, we analyze retrospective data (1986–2015) on the disposal sites of livestock carcasses to describe historical spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, which showed the highest anthrax incidence rate in Mongolia. From the results of spatial mean and standard deviational ellipse analyses, we found that the anthrax spatial distribution in livestock did not change over the study period, indicating a localized source of exposure. The multi-distance spatial cluster analysis showed that carcass sites distributed in the study area are clustered. Using kernel density estimation analysis on carcass sites, we identified two anthrax hotspots in low-lying areas around the south and north regions. Notably, this study disclosed a new hotspot in the northern part that emerged in the last decade of the 30-year study period. The highest proportion of cases was recorded in cattle, whose prevalence per area was highest in six districts (i.e., Murun, Chandmani-Undur, Khatgal, Ikh-Uul, Tosontsengel, and Tsagaan-Uul), suggesting that vaccination should prioritize cattle in these districts. Furthermore, size of outbreaks was influenced by the annual summer mean air temperature of Khuvsgul Province, probably by affecting the permafrost freeze-thawing activity.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF WORKFORCE IN INDIA DURING 1981-2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
M.B. SINGH ◽  
◽  
NITIN KUMAR MISHRA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal Patterns and Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in Beijing Central City Since 1932

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui KUANG ◽  
Quanqin SHAO ◽  
Jiyuan LIU ◽  
Chaoyang SUN
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of scrub typhus in mainland China, 2006-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0007916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Yue ◽  
Dongsheng Ren ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Yujiao Wang ◽  
Qiyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal
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