scholarly journals Compression experiments of high-density snow I-Plastic-type and destructive-type deformations-

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Masatoshi UEDA ◽  
Masahiko ARAKAWA ◽  
Norikazu MAENO
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Plastic Type

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Limbah Plastik HDPE terhadap Kuat Tekan pada Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo ◽  
Muhammad Rifqi Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
The World

Mortar merupakan bahan konstruksi yang umum digunakan pada gedung maupun jalan. Beberapa konstruksi yang menggunakan mortar antara lain Lane Concrete (LC), spesi, perekat bata ringan, plester dinding, acian instan, pemasangan kramik, dan lain-lain. Serat limbah plastik HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pada penelitian ini adalah bahan campuran sebagai pengikat dan pengganti semen. Plastik HDPE merupakan salah satu jenis plastik yang jika dilihat secara visual tergolong pekat, dimana pemakaian jenis plastik ini biasanya digunakan  untuk botol minuman. Jenis plastik HDPE mudah untuk di daur ulang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi jumlah limbah plastik yang ada di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pencampuran serat limbah plastik HDPE dengan variasi terhadap kuat tekan dan berat mortar. Serat yang digunakan sebanyak 0%, 2%, 4%, dan 6% terhadap berat semennya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh kuat tekan mortar pada umur 7 hari dan 28 hari dengan menggunakan benda uji kubus dengan dimensi 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan tertinggi untuk mortar serat pada variasi serat 2% di umur 28 hari yaitu sebesar 14,47 MPa. Kuat tekan mortar pada umur 7 dan 28 hari berturut-turut mengalami kenaikan sekitar 11%. Sedangkan pada penambahan serat, kuat tekan mortar mengalami penurunan seiring dengan semakin banyaknya campuran serat. Mortar serat mengalami penurunan berat dari 7696 gram menjadi 7640 gram, 7422 gram, dan 7280 gram, masing-masing untuk 2%, 4%, dan 6% serat pada umur 28 hari. Mortar is a construction material commonly used in building and road infrastructure. Some constructions that use mortar include Lane Concrete (LC), species, light brick adhesives, wall plaster, mechanical installation, and others. HDPE plastic waste fiber (High density polyethylene) in this study is a mixture of materials as binders and cement substitutes. HDPE plastic is one type of plastic that when viewed visually is classified as concentrated, where the use of this type of plastic is usually used for beverage bottles. The HDPE plastic type is easy to recycle. In 2015, global plastic waste in the world was recorded at 2.5 billion tons per year, so this research is expected to reduce the amount of plastic waste in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the  effect of mixing HDPE plastic waste fibers on compressive strength and mortar weight. This HDPE variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% is used from the weight of the cement. This study was carried out to obtain the compressive strength at the ages of 7 days and 28 days using cube specimens with dimensions of 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm. Based on the results of the test, the highest compressive strength for mortar at of 2% fiber variation at 28 days is 14.47 MPa. The compressive strength of mortar at the age of 7 and 28 consecutive days increased by 11%. While the addition of fibers, compressive strength of mortar decreases with the increasing number of fiber mixtures. Fiber mortar decreased in weight from 7696 grams to 7640 grams, 7422 grams, and 7280 grams, for fiber of 2%, 4%, and 6% respectively. Mortar is a construction material commonly used in building and road infrastructure. Some constructions that use mortar include Lane Concrete (LC), species, light brick adhesives, wall plaster, mechanical installation, and others. HDPE plastic waste fiber (High density polyethylene) in this study is a mixture of materials as binders and cement substitutes. HDPE plastic is one type of plastic that when viewed visually is classified as concentrated, where the use of this type of plastic is usually used for beverage bottles. The HDPE plastic type is easy to recycle. In 2015, global plastic waste in the world was recorded at 2.5 billion tons per year, so this research is expected to reduce the amount of plastic waste in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the  effect of mixing HDPE plastic waste fibers on compressive strength and mortar weight. This HDPE variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% is used from the weight of the cement. This study was carried out to obtain the compressive strength at the ages of 7 days and 28 days using cube specimens with dimensions of 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm. Based on the results of the test, the highest compressive strength for mortar at of 2% fiber variation at 28 days is 14.47 MPa. The compressive strength of mortar at the age of 7 and 28 consecutive days increased by 11%. While the addition of fibers, compressive strength of mortar decreases with the increasing number of fiber mixtures. Fiber mortar decreased in weight from 7696 grams to 7640 grams, 7422 grams, and 7280 grams, for fiber of 2%, 4%, and 6% respectively.

scholarly journals The Bending Strength and Hardness of Recycle Plastic Type HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and PP (Polypropylene)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2008-2011
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Density ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Beverage Container ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Recycle Plastic

The purpose of this research is to know the strength, flexibility and maximum hardness of plastic waste after pressing of HDPE, PET/PETE and PP type with bending test. Furthermore, the specimen is made referring to ASTM 6272 D and the testing is carried out with the specified measurement. The results show that the strongest recycled plastic with the highest bending level is obtained from the composition of 50% HDPE, 20% PET/PETE and 30% PP, with maximum power of 52.9 N/mm2 and 137.74 Kg/mm2 . In addition, the biggest flexibility strength is plastic with composition 50% HDPE, 20% PET/PETE and 30% PP with strength value of 9.53 N/mm2 . As for hardness value, it reaches 12.76 Kg/mm2 . Because the plastic in used is recycled Plastic, the resulting product cannot be used for food and beverage container. However, it can be used for flower pot and pencil case

Planar defects in ordered (Ga,In)P

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 902-903
Author(s):  
S. McKernan ◽  
C. B. Carter ◽  
D. Bour ◽  
J. R. Shealy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ternary Semiconductors ◽  
Anion Species ◽  
Metallic Vapor

The growth of ternary III-V semiconductors by organo-metallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) is widely practiced. It has been generally assumed that the resulting structure is the same as that of the corresponding binary semiconductors, but with the two different cation or anion species randomly distributed on their appropriate sublattice sites. Recently several different ternary semiconductors including AlxGa1-xAs, Gaxln-1-xAs and Gaxln1-xP1-6 have been observed in ordered states. A common feature of these ordered compounds is that they contain a relatively high density of defects. This is evident in electron diffraction patterns from these materials where streaks, which are typically parallel to the growth direction, are associated with the extra reflections arising from the ordering. However, where the (Ga,ln)P epilayer is reasonably well ordered the streaking is extremely faint, and the intensity of the ordered spot at 1/2(111) is much greater than that at 1/2(111). In these cases it is possible to image relatively clearly many of the defects found in the ordered structure.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Using the scanning electron microscope for failure analysis of high density magnetic media

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Ackerman ◽  
Gary D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scanning Electron

Advancements in state of the art high density Head/Disk retrieval systems has increased the demand for sophisticated failure analysis methods. From 1968 to 1974 the emphasis was on the number of tracks per inch. (TPI) ranging from 100 to 400 as summarized in Table 1. This emphasis shifted with the increase in densities to include the number of bits per inch (BPI). A bit is formed by magnetizing the Fe203 particles of the media in one direction and allowing magnetic heads to recognize specific data patterns. From 1977 to 1986 the tracks per inch increased from 470 to 1400 corresponding to an increase from 6300 to 10,800 bits per inch respectively. Due to the reduction in the bit and track sizes, build and operating environments of systems have become critical factors in media reliability.Using the Ferrofluid pattern developing technique, the scanning electron microscope can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the examination of failure sites on disks.

Triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and low ankle brachial index in an elderly population

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Zhan ◽  
Jinming Yu ◽  
Rongjing Ding ◽  
Yihong Sun ◽  
Dayi Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: The associations of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HDL‑C) and total cholesterol (TC) to HDL‑C ratio and low ankle brachial index (ABI) were seldom investigated. Patients and methods: A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 2982 participants 60 years and over were recruited. TG, TC, HDL‑C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed in all participants. Low ABI was defined as ABI ≤ 0.9 in either leg. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to study the association between TG/HDL‑C ratio, TC/HDL‑C ratio and low ABI. Results: The TG/HDL‑C ratios for those with ABI > 0.9 and ABI ≤ 0.9 were 1.28 ± 1.20 and 1.48 ± 1.13 (P < 0.0001), while the TC/HDL‑C ratios were 3.96 ± 1.09 and 4.32 ± 1.15 (P < 0.0001), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, obesity, current drinking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, lipid-lowering drugs, and cardiovascular disease history, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of low ABI for TG/HDL‑C ratio and TC/HDL‑C ratio were 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) and 1.34 (1.14, 1.59) in non-smokers. When TC was further adjusted, the ORs (95 % CIs) were 1.40 (0.79, 2.52) and 1.53 (1.21, 1.93) for TG/HDL‑C ratio and TC/HDL‑C ratio, respectively. Non-linear relationships were detected between TG/HDL‑C ratio and TC/HDL‑C ratio and low ABI in both smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions: TC/HDL‑C ratio was significantly associated with low ABI in non-smokers and the association was independent of TC, TG, HDL‑C, and LDL-C. TC/HDL‑C might be considered as a potential biomarker for early peripheral arterial disease screening.

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