scholarly journals Bedeutende Sozialutopien im Kontext des deutschen Bauernkrieges und der Lutherischen Reformation: Thomas Müntzer, Michael Gaismair und Johann Hergot

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Franz ◽  
Dietrich-Eckhard Franz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Utopian Thinking ◽  
German Speaking

Social-utopian thinking has a long tradition in Germany. Upon closer examination of social-utopian history, it is evident that many society- and utopia-focused critiques point far beyond the then existing social conditions in their declarations and demands. The Reformation and the German Peasants’ War are importnat highlights in this respect. Although all opposing forces derive from the Lutheran critique and programmatic, it is nevertheless first and foremost „bourgeois“ heresy. Martin Luther’s posting of his theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenburg is that famous spark which initiated the Reformation in October 1517, but it is not the only one that critcizes and attacks the Roman-Catholic papacy in the German-speaking area. Through the work of personalities such as Thomas Müntzer, Michael Gaismair or Johann Hergot the Reformation not only spread to all levels of society but it also changed its structure, beginning with religion, to the economy and the sciences, and into education and the arts.

The Elizabethan Motet: a Study of Texts for Music

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 273-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kerman
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
English Music ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
First Time ◽  
William Byrd ◽  
Catholic Liturgy

An investigation of the Latin motet in Elizabethan England involves the student from the start in a historical problem of some elegance. He is dealing here with a major art-form under peremptory death sentence—the main musical form of the Reformation period, indeed, and like all the arts of the Roman Catholic liturgy, now at the reformers’ mercy. Far from bowing to the sentence, the motet continued to exist; adapted itself with some tact; appeared for the first time in print; and in the work of William Byrd multiplied itself to an extent and in a quality unmatched in English music.

"Professionalization" and "Confessionalization": the Place of Physics, Philosophy, and Arts Instruction At Central European Academic Institutions During the Reformation Era

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
University Level ◽  
Teaching Physics

AbstractDuring the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, physics was regularly taught as part of instruction in philosophy and the arts at Central European schools and universities. However, physics did not have a special or privileged status within that instruction. Three general indicators of this lack of special status are suggested in this article. First, teachers of physics usually were paid less than teachers of most other university-level subject-matters. Second, very few Central European academics during this period appear to have made a career out of teaching physics. And third, Reformation Era schools and universities in Central Europe emphasized language instruction; such instruction not only was instrumental in promoting the confessional-i.e., Calvinist, Lutheran, and Roman Catholic-agendas of those same schools and universities, but also helped to prepare students for service in nascent but growing state governments.

‘Awakening the echoes of the ancient faith’: the National Pilgrimages to Iona

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-154
Author(s):  
Katherine Haldane Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Theological Understanding

This article examines two pilgrimages to Iona held by the Scottish Roman Catholic Church in 1888 and 1897, the first pilgrimages held in Scotland since the Reformation. It argues that these religious journeys disrupted the calendar of historic commemorations of Victorian Scotland, many of which emphasized the centrality of Presbyterianism to Scottish nationality. By holding pilgrimages to “the mother-church of religion in Scotland” and celebrating mass in the ruins of the Cathedral there, Scottish Catholics challenged the prevailing narrative of Scottish religious history, and asserted their right to control the theological understanding of the island and its role in a “national” religious history. At the same time, Catholics’ veneration of St. Columba, a figure widely admired by Protestant Scots, served as a means of highlighting their own Scottishness. Nonetheless, some Protestant Scots responded to the overt Catholicity of the pilgrimages by questioning the genuineness of “pilgrimages” which so closely resembled tourist excursions, and by scheduling their own, explicitly Protestant, journeys to Iona.

Theology and Visual Culture in Early Modern Calvinism

2021 ◽  
pp. 286-303
Author(s):  
William A. Dyrness
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Cultural Reconstruction ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
The Aesthetic

Recent scholarship on the arts and the Reformation has come to focus more broadly on the cultural reconstruction the Reformation made necessary and the resulting material and visual culture. Calvin’s challenge in Geneva was not about what the Reformation had left behind but what would replace that medieval world. Key for Calvin was the experience of worship: the oral performance of the sermon, the singing of Psalms and partaking the sacraments, as a dramatic call enabled by the Holy Spirit summoning worshippers to a vision of God and God’s presence in the world. The regular communal worship and the preached drama of sin and salvation constituted the aesthetic-dramatic mirror (Turner) of the emerging Protestant imagination. This encouraged a mutual caring for the needy but also carried deep aesthetic implications. In the Netherlands this imagination is evident in the placement of textualized images in churches, and in landscape paintings and portraits, and, in France, it stimulated Huguenot architects to recover classical orders in the service of restoring to the earth its Edenic beauty.

Theologies of Sacraments in the Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Means Of Grace ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Divine Activity

This overview chapter for the second part of the book contrasts the theologies of the sacraments in the Reformation era with those of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Salvation in the Protestant view meant believers are “justified by grace alone, through faith alone, in Jesus Christ alone.” This differed significantly from the Roman Catholic position in which “‘created’ grace is a substance infused into the sinner to bring spiritual and moral healing.” For the Reformers grace was not a created substance but God’s attitude or disposition of favor toward sinners. This dependency on grace alone involved both preaching “as a means of grace in its own right” and the sacraments as involving “the divine activity that gives efficacy to Baptism and Communion.” While they differed somewhat in their theologies of the sacraments, Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Cranmer, and other Reformers were in agreement in that the grace of God in Jesus Christ is presented in the Word preached and the Sacrament administered.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-316
Author(s):  
Robert Kelz
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Drama Theory ◽  
The Arts ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Migrant Groups

This concluding chapter takes a look at the German theaters of Argentina between the 1930s and the 1960s. During this time, Buenos Aires was a volatile, conflict-ridden place which allowed both antifascist and nationalist German blocs to cultivate intercultural alliances without modifying many aspects of their own political platform. Here, the chapter revisits the themes introduced in this volume by linking them to a more poignantly profiled reflection on the salient themes of this study, including inclusion and exclusion, integration, transnationalism, drama theory, theatrical energies, and, of course, competition. The central role of theater enables a reexamination of German-speaking immigrants in Argentina, emphasizing previously underexplored events and individuals while offering new perspectives on more frequently studied topics. The chapter thus depicts the impact of theater on existing narratives about Germans in Argentina, as well as the power of a focus on culture and the arts to inform and shape studies of migrant groups.

The Reformation and the Decline of German Art

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Situation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
German Art

Scholars upon occasion have spoken of the “crisis” of the arts in Reformation Germany. It has become increasingly clear, however, that such terminology, when left unqualified, may be excessively ambiguous, and perhaps even misleading. At least one influential historian is arguing today that the true crisis situation is that where a threat is followed by a final regaining of strength, or where there is a “successful resistance or adaptation to a vital challenge.”

Martin Luther and the Arts: Music, Poetry, and Hymns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Josquin Des Prez ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
Sacred Songs

From the beginning of the Reformation, Martin Luther had a significant impact on church and society through his contributions to sacred music. His intention to spread the gospel among the people through song achieved its manifold purpose. This remains true not only for his own time but for the following centuries up to the present day, all over the world. Other poets, contemporaries and descendants alike, were inspired by Luther’s songs and composed their own hymns. Among these the most significant ones in German literature, poetically and theologically, are Paul Gerhardt (1607–1676) and Jochen Klepper (1903–1942). Luther’s lifelong love of music was accompanied by an in-depth musical education. He knew secular and sacred songs from an early age, played the lute well, and sang in the convent when he was a monk, as a husband and father with his family, and as a professor with his students. Music was an indispensable part of his life. He first began writing sacred songs in 1523, sometimes composing the melody as well. He also crafted a four-part motet. Luther was able to assess the composers of his time well. He considered Josquin des Prez (d. 1521) the greatest master, and among his living contemporaries he appreciated in particular Ludwig Senfl (c. 1490–1543). He was also acquainted with other composers and their works. The incorporation and promotion of music in the schoolroom resulted in a close relationship between church and school, as well as between classrooms and religious services. Pupils took part through chanting at services, and the evangelical hymns in the chantry were spread through the choir’s chanting books. Numerous musical prints originated in Georg Rhau’s printing shop in Wittenberg that carried the Protestant repertoire into the world. From central Germany, starting in Saxony and Thuringia, the Protestant musical culture covered all of evangelical Germany and later shaped Protestant musical culture. In addition to choir-related music, it cultivated the musical rendering of biblical texts. Heinrich Schütz and Johann Sebastian Bach are the finest representatives of this specific Protestant musical culture. In addition, the culture of the organ, first cultivated in northern Germany, became widespread. One of several masters of the organ was Dieterich Buxtehude (c. 1637–1707), who established evening concerts in Lübeck, which in turn served as precursors to the bourgeois musical culture. Luther’s approach to music is formed through the conviction that music is a particularly beautiful and unique offering of the divine creation. Music moves human hearts and allows them to anticipate the heavens. To bring people joy and to praise the Lord is music’s true task and, indeed, its service.

scholarly journals Inleiding in die grondslag van die gereformeerde teologie

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Theology is not a neutral science but should be embedded in the ser­vice of the Church. A close relation between theology and the church is clearly visible in the history of the early church until the era of the Reformation. The disintegration of religion and culture (church and world) during the Renaissance received new impetus from the En­lightenment. Consequently, the tie between church and theology was to a large extent dissolved and theology progressively became a ‘wordly ’ rationalistic enterprise, as a concomitant to what happened in the arts (l'art pour l'art). In this context the problems of defining theology and science are discussed and the popularity of modern scientific theory is uncovered. Finally it is argued that the basis (grondslag) and object for Reformed theology can only be the Word of God

scholarly journals Multiplex Network Ties and the Spatial Diffusion of Radical Innovations: Martin Luther’s Leadership in the Early Reformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-894
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Yuan Hsiao ◽  
Steven Pfaff ◽  
Jared Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
The Reformation

This article analyzes Martin Luther’s role in spreading the early Reformation, one of the most important episodes of radical institutional change in the last millennium. We argue that social relations played a key role in its diffusion because the spread of heterodox ideologies and their eventual institutionalization relied not only on private “infection” through exposure to innovation but also on active conversion and promotion of that new faith through personal ties. We conceive of that process as leader-to-follower directional influence originating with Luther and flowing to local elites through personal ties. Based on novel data on Luther’s correspondence, Luther’s visits, and student enrollments in Luther’s city of Wittenberg, we reconstruct Luther’s influence network to examine whether local connections to him increased the odds of adopting Protestantism. Using regression analyses and simulations based on empirical network data, we find that the combination of personal/relational diffusion via Luther’s multiplex ties and spatial/structural diffusion via trade routes fostered cities’ adoption of the Reformation, making possible Protestantism’s early breakthrough from a regional movement to a general rebellion against the Roman Catholic Church.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document