Too Few Skills for Some, Too Many Skills for Others: Are Future Rural Employment Opportunities a Poor Match for the Rural Labor Supply?

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-101
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Eades ◽  
David W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Employment

scholarly journals Models of Labor Supply and Demand in the Rural Labor Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Labor Surplus ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Use

The article discusses the effective use of economic and mathematical methods in the field of rural employment in labor-surplus regions. A large place in the work belongs to the development of a criterion for the optimality of the labor market and limitations in the model. The main focus is on optimizing the supply and demand of labor in rural areas.

Rural Employment and Rural-Urban Differences in Employment in Zaire: A Comparative Perspective1

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shapiro ◽  
Sharon Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Using Data

This article provides evidence on the extent of de-agrarianization, the nature of rural employment, and rural-urban differences in employment in Zaire. The composition of employment by industry is examined using data from Zaire's 1984 Census. Increased schooling was associated with a greater propensity to be involved in nonagricultural employment. Since 1990, Zaire's chronic economic crisis has become acute and is intertwined with the political crisis resulting from President Mobutu's resistance to popular calls for democratization. In these circumstances, de-agrarianization is effectively put on hold. Nonagricultural employment opportunities have diminished considerably, and an increasing proportion of the country's population is being pushed back to subsistence agriculture.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) across the States of India: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhagobinda Basak
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 was introduced in India to create employment opportunities for the rural people. As per the provisions of the said Act, the State Government shall, in rural areas in the state, provide to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work not less than one hundred days of such work in every financial year. The present study attempts to review the performance of the scheme implemented in different states of India. On the basis of some selected parameters, performance of the states, in implementing the Act, has been measured. Ranks have been assigned to the states according to their merit in implementing the scheme.

scholarly journals Mediating Effects on Poverty Reduction in India Through Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-119
Author(s):  
A. ARULRAJ ◽  
R. RENA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The employment opportunities in rural areas have signifi cantly decreased for the last few decades in India. Th erefore, Government of India introduced Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP) to create employment opportunities for ru ral people. Th e Programme is considered as a “silver bullet” for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment in India. Th e purpose of this empirical research study is to develop a new model for poverty reduction in rural India through this Programme. Th e novelty of this article is an attempt to develop an empirical research model that assists the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme when mapping the level of economics service quality and thereby enhance the same. Th is Programme provides an alternative source of livelihood, which will have an impact on reducing migration, restricting child labor, alleviating poverty, and making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation such as road construction, cleaning up of water tanks, soil and water conservation work, etc. for which it has been considered as the largest anti-poverty programme in the world. Th e paper critically examines the implementation process of this Programme and its impact on tribal livelihoods. Th e following research methodology is used in the article: the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Th e sampling procedure used for this study is stratifi ed random sampling. Th e stratifi cation is done based on the Taluks are Kumbakonam (Th anjavur District), Keeranur (Pudukottai District) and Nagappatinam (Nagappatinam District) of Tamilnadu state of South-India for the nature of region South, East, Centre, West and North while selecting the MGNREGP Employees from each category, non-probabilistic convenience and judgmental sampling technique is used. Th e fi ndings and conclusions of the study reveal that millions of rural poor with the inclusion of new works under this Programme could able to get some employment which supports their livelihoods. Eff orts are exerted to improve more transparency and accountability in implementing this programme to ensure that the benefi ts reach out to the poor and the needy villagers. Th e regression analysis revealed that the Poverty Eradication on the various dimensions of Economic Development, infl uenced Economic Development followed by Social Development. Th e visual representation of results suggest that the relationships between the dimensions of Economic Development, Social development resulted in a signifi cant impact on the mediated factor ‘Poverty Eradication’. Th e paper suggests the policy framework for the stakeholders in eff ective implementation of the Programme.

Between heritage and modernity employment and incomes in rural post-communist Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona ILIE
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Educational Structure ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Employment Characteristics

The paper follows up the changes emerged in employment and living standards of Romanian rural households over the post-communist period. On the background of the main changes in the socioeconomic context, rural employment is related to the situation by the beginning of the post-communist transition, and to urban employment developments. Based on secondary data analysis, an unfavorable rural labor market profile and educational structure are identified. However, improvements in the employment characteristics for the last decade might be noticed, together with overall income increase and marked inequality against the urban. Keywords: employment; rural development; inequality; rural ‒ urban.

CREAM-SKIMMER OR UNDERDOG? A CASE STUDY OF LABOR TYPE SELECTIVITY IN A RURAL LABOR TRAINING PROGRAM IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 185-210
Author(s):  
YIU POR (VINCENT) CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Labor Training ◽  
Cream Skimming ◽  
Clear Method

The mismatch between a laborer’s abilities and the goals set forth by a training program is one of the most pressing concerns for a labor training program. This paper looks at the incentives for a laborer to enter a rural labor training program and demonstrates a clear method of analyzing the participation issues using instrumental regressions on the data collected from a case study a “poverty city” in the Zhejiang province, China. This paper shows that a pre-program wage drop may induce workers of a higher caliber to enter the training program and cause a “cream-skimming” effect on its outcome because of the S-shaped labor supply curve for the rural population who live in poverty. The result of the cream-skimming effect enhances the traditional view that a pre-program wage drop may reduce “opportunity cost” to enter a training program. This extension can be handy to revise future designs of rural labor training programs.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Oleksii Mohylnyi ◽  
Nataliia Patyka ◽  
Olena Hryschenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
State Employment ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of restrictive quarantine measures in 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural labor market, the level of employment and the extent of rural poverty. Research methods. The basis for the study were general scientific and economic methods, creative heritage of the classical political economy founders, publications of Ukrainian scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, on social and labor relations in rural areas, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Employment Service, Internet resources and other sources. The monographic approach was used in the analysis of the employment rate dynamics of the rural population, changes in the labor market and the scale of poverty caused by the lockdowns introduction in 2020-2021. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight the labor potential of rural areas and opportunities for its implementation in a pandemic. A number of abstract-logical techniques allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. The phenomenon of the category "labor" as a process of conscious and purposeful activity on the transformation of natural and economic factors of production in order to meet human needs is considered. The institutional preconditions of spatial differences in the concentration of jobs in rural and urban areas and the deepening of inequality in their development are highlighted. Changes caused by a number of restrictions on economic activity in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are analyzed, in the field of the rural population employment by age groups, employment status, unemployment among working-age people, the number of employees who received unemployment status, as well as the workload per vacancy registered with the State Employment Service, the dynamics of its provision of services to rural residents. Public opinion that in the employment and rural labor market due to non-compliance with quarantine restrictions on economic activity, technological features of agricultural production and lower density, the rural population suffers less from quarantine measures is refuted. As a result of the introduction of two all-Ukrainian lockdowns in 2020–2021, the number of employed rural population decreased by 361 thousand people, or by 7%, of them employed - by 198 thousand and self-employed - by 153 thousand. The unemployment rate for this period also increased by 1.7 percentage points, or 11.5%. In April-May 2021, almost 120,000 workers received the status of unemployed dismissed from agricultural, forestry and fisheries enterprises, or one in five of the total in the economy. In addition, the number of applicants for one vacancy in rural areas has doubled, while reducing the financial capacity of the State Employment Service, especially with regard to the implementation of active forms of employment recovery. An integral consequence of quarantine restrictions was the spread of poverty among the rural population and the further social exclusion of people with unprotected self-employment. Scientific novelty. Methodological approaches to assessing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural employment, the rural labor market and the well-being of rural households have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on employment and the rural labor market in 2020-2021 may be taken into account when developing measures to support micro and small businesses and self-employed agricultural workers in extreme conditions of society, such as a pandemic. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 35.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document