Prevalence and Factors Associated With Fecal Shedding of Giardia spp. in Domestic Cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vasilopulos ◽  
Andrew J. Mackin ◽  
Lora G. Rickard ◽  
G. Todd Pharr ◽  
Carla L. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Breeder ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The prevalence of cats shedding Giardia cysts (13.6%) in the present study was found to be higher than previously reported (1% to 11%) and may reflect a higher sensitivity for the diagnostic test used. The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, coccidial oocysts, and a clinical history of chronic (>2 weeks) gastrointestinal signs were significantly associated with the presence of Giardia spp. cysts in the feces. There were no associations between the presence of Giardia spp. cysts and type of housing, acute gastrointestinal signs, vomiting, gender, source of cat (i.e., animal shelter versus private breeder), or gastrointestinal parasites other than Cryptosporidium spp. and intestinal coccidial agents.

Abstract 3584: The Prevalence and Factors Associated With 1-Year Angina among Post-MI Patients

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Maddox ◽  
Kimberly J Reid ◽  
John A Spertus ◽  
Susmita Parashar ◽  
Harlan M Krumholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Persistent Smoking

Background: A primary goal of in-hospital treatment and outpatient care following myocardial infarction (MI) is the eradication of angina. However, the prevalence of angina and the factors associated with angina in the year after MI are unknown. Methods: The primary outcome of the PREMIER multi-center prospective study was presence of angina, as measured by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), 1 year after MI hospitalization. Multivariable regression modeling identified the socio-demographic factors, clinical history, MI presentation, inpatient therapies and complications, and outpatient treatment characteristics associated with 1-year angina, adjusted for site. . Results: Of 1957 patients in the cohort, 83 patients (4.2%) reported daily or weekly angina, and 306 patients (15.6%) reported less than weekly angina 1 year after their index MI. After multivariable analysis (figure ), angina 1 year after an index MI was associated with younger age, non-white race, baseline angina, history of CABG surgery, no inpatient revascularization, recurrent rest angina during MI hospitalization, persistent smoking after MI hospitalization, outpatient revascularization after MI hospitalization, and depressive symptoms (either as an inpatient or during the year after MI hospitalization). Conclusions: Angina 1 year after MI hospitalization is associated with several modifiable factors, including persistent smoking and depressive symptoms in the year after MI discharge. Recognition of these relationships will be important in monitoring and treating at-risk patients for post-MI angina.

scholarly journals Nephrolithiasis in gout: prevalence and characteristics of Brazilian patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santos Hoff ◽  
Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg ◽  
Ricardo Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Gout ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The aims of this article were to assess the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and the factors associated with nephrolithiasis in Brazilian patients with primary gout. Methods One hundred twenty-three patients with primary gout were recruited from a tertiary referral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. All patients underwent ultrasonography and had their clinical and laboratory characteristics assessed. Results One hundred fifteen (93.5%) patients were male, with a mean age of 62.9 ± 9.4 years. Twenty-three (18.7%) patients had asymptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected only by ultrasonography), 7 (6.0%) had symptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected by ultrasonography and a positive clinical history), and 13 (10.0%) had a history of kidney stones, but ultrasonography at evaluation did not show nephrolithiasis. Therefore, 35.0% of the patients had nephrolithiasis (detected either by ultrasonography and/or a positive clinical history). Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender (43 [100%] vs 72 [90%], p = 0.049), the use of potassium citrate (13 [30.2%] vs 0, p <  0.001) and the use of medications for diabetes (10 [23.3%] vs 8 [10%], p = 0.047) and dyslipidemia (15 [34.9%] vs 10 [12.5%], p = 0.003); benzbromarone had an inverse association with nephrolithiasis (21 [48.8%] vs 55 [68.8%], p = 0.030). In patients with and without nephrolithiasis, no differences were found in the laboratory and ultrasonography characteristics, including serum uric acid levels, urinary uric acid excretion and urine pH. Conclusions The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in primary gout was 35.0%, and 18.7% of the patients were asymptomatic. Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender, diabetes and dyslipidemia. A positive history of nephrolithiasis probably biased the prescription of potassium citrate and benzbromarone.

Bilateral Solar Retinopathy After Gazing at the Great American Eclipse

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Himanshu K. Banda ◽  
Sabin Dang ◽  
Anjali G. Shah ◽  
Gaurav K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Visual Recovery ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funduscopic Examination ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: We report a case of bilateral solar retinopathy following the Great American Eclipse on August 21, 2017. We summarize findings on multimodal imaging and risk factors associated with solar retinopathy. Methods: A teenage boy presented with painless vision loss 4 days following viewing a total solar eclipse. Funduscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography revealed findings characteristic of solar retinopathy. Multifocal electroretinography was also performed. We add to the literature the first reported case of solar retinopathy following the Great American Eclipse. Results: The patient was observed with serial examinations over several weeks. Gradual trend toward visual recovery was noted on imaging. Conclusions: In combination with clinical history of sungazing and funduscopic examination, distinct findings on imaging help secure a diagnosis of solar retinopathy. Visual symptoms in solar retinopathy generally improve over time. Appropriate protective measures with counseling and filtered eyewear are recommended for eclipse viewers.

scholarly journals Do clinicians in areas of declining malaria transmission adhere to malaria diagnosis guidelines? A cross-sectional study from Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angella Atukunda ◽  
Mwaka Amos Deogratius ◽  
Emmanuel Arinaitwe ◽  
Philip Orishaba ◽  
Moses R. Kamya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diagnostic Practices ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Uganda's clinical management guidelines recommend a malaria laboratory test in all patients presenting with fever (history of fever or an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C), and only those with a positive test receive anti-malarial treatment. However, the current practice in areas with declining malaria transmission remains unknown. This study assessed the clinicians’ diagnostic practices, the factors associated with recommending a test, and the risk of missing a malaria case when a test is not recommended in patients presenting with fever in Kampala, an area of declining malaria transmission in Uganda. Methods Between January and March 2020, 383 participants aged ≥ 12 years and presenting to Kisenyi Health Centre IV in Kampala district with fever were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire was administered during exit interviews, routine diagnostic practices were recorded from participant clinical notes, and a research blood slide was obtained for later reading. Results Of the enrolled participants, 356 (93%) had a malaria diagnostic test recommended by the clinician. Factors associated with increasing prevalence of having a test recommended included; history of overnight travel (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.13, p = 0.011), being married (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13, p = 0.022), and having tertiary education (aPR = 1.09 95% CI 1.01–1.17, p = 0.031). Among the 27 participants where a malaria diagnostic test was not recommended, 4 (14.8%) had a positive study smear. Conclusion Despite having significant declines in malaria transmission in Kampala in the last decade, clinicians at the study health facility highly adhered to the clinical management guidelines, recommending a malaria test in almost all patients presenting with fever. However, a significant proportion of malaria cases was missed when a test was not recommended. These results highlight the importance of laboratory testing for malaria in all patients who present with fevers and live in endemic settings even when the transmission has significantly declined.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Conditions and Factors Associated with Urolithiasis in Domestic Cats in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Disease

This was a retrospective study that covered a 10-year period from January 2009 to December 2018. The study had three aims which were to determine prevalence, clinical manifestations and factors associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats in Nairobi County, Kenya. It also considered prevalence of other urinary tract conditions that occurred in domestic cats in the same county. Clinical data of all cases of cats were collected from 5 purposively selected veterinary clinics. Specific data was retrieved, which included breed, sex, age, weight, neuter history, and clinical findings. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine factors associated with urolithiasis. The total number of domestic cat cases in the 10-year period was 4,404. A total of 104 cases had urinary tract conditions, of which 28 had urolithiasis, thus making general overall prevalence of urinary tract conditions to be 2.4% and prevalence of urolithiasis 0.6%. Among cases with urinary tract conditions, prevalence of urolithiasis was 26.9%. Definitive diagnosis of causes of urinary tract disease in cats was recorded in 75 cases. Urolithiasis was the major cause 37.3% followed by idiopathic feline lower urinary tract diseases and idiopathic cystitis both at 22.7%. The results showed that history of dysuria, distended urinary bladder and body weight were significantly associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats. This current study concluded that prevalence of urolithiasis in Nairobi County, Kenya was low, but among cases with urinary tract conditions, it had the highest prevalence. These findings were different from similar literature where idiopathic cystitis is reported to be the major cause of urinary tract disease in cats. The main clinical symptoms of cats suffering from urolithiasis were dysuria, hematuria, stranguria, distended urinary bladder and painful abdomen.

scholarly journals Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Keli Farias ◽  
Gabriela Dick ◽  
Silvério Bunn ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Carolina Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira spp. The consequences of infection in horses are unclear, and the serogroups involved vary depending on the region. This study aimed to evaluate the seropositivity of unvaccinated horses in the Serra Catarinense region and the possible risk factors associated with the infection. We used 207 horses from 26 properties, with no clinical history of infection and unvaccinated for leptospirosis. We submitted serum samples to the microscopic agglutination serum (SAM) to obtain the main reference serogroups. We considered animals with titre ≥100 as infected. The results of the serology revealed seropositivity in 45.4% (94/207) of the animals studied. The most frequent antibodies reportedwere those against the serogroups Australis 16.9% (35/207), Ichterhaemorrhagiae 14.4% (30/207), and Grippotyphosa 5.31% (11/207). Among the primary risk factors associated with the infection we reported extensive rearing system (OR = 1.27; P<0.05) and the presence of other animal species such as cattle (OR = 3.85; P<0.01) and capybaras (OR = 2.07; P=0.06). The findings presented in this study showed that leptospirosis is endemic in horses in the Serra Catarinense region, and revealed the need for emergency surveillance and control measures specific to this important zoonosis.

scholarly journals Detection of enteric agents into a cats’ shelter with cases of chronic diarrhea in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 630-634
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina S. Mósena ◽  
Dafne L. Cruz ◽  
Cláudio W. Canal ◽  
Sandra M.T. Marques ◽  
Stella F. Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
First Finding

ABSTRACT: This study carried out a survey about enteropathogenic agents in domestic cats’ shelter as a stage of investigation for the intermittent chronic diarrhea. Individual fecal samples from 39 cats with free access to the external environment were submitted to parasitological examination, parvovirus, and coronavirus by PCR, and Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus by real-time PCR. From the cats evaluated, 30 (76.9%) were positive for one or more enteric agents, and coinfections were observed in 11 cats samples (28.2%). Helminth eggs were observed in 48.7% of cats (19/30), 16 (41%) were positive for parvovirus or coronavirus and 25.6% (10/30) were infected by protozoa. From the positives for protozoa, five cats were positive to T. foetus (12.82%). The first finding of this protozoan through PCR was in the southern Brazil, and the second was in the whole country. Chronic diarrhea in cats may be multifactorial in shelter animals where the population density is high and the control of parasitic, and viral infections are deficient. Moreover, it is due to poor hygiene conditions in these shelters. The factors associated with the proliferation of infectious diseases in shelters are correlated with new pathogens infections such as T. foetus.

scholarly journals Fecal shedding of Brachyspira spp. on a farrow-to-finish swine farm with a clinical history of "Brachyspira hampsonii"-associated colitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy H Patterson ◽  
Joseph E Rubin ◽  
Champika Fernando ◽  
Matheus O Costa ◽  
John CS Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Study of Symptomatic vs. Silent Brain Infarctions on MRI in Elderly Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelakumari Raghavan ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Eugene Scharf ◽  
Scott A. Przybelski ◽  
Timothy G. Lesnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
History Of

Brain infarctions are closely associated with future risk of stroke and dementia. Our goal was to report (i) frequency and characteristics that differentiate symptomatic vs. silent brain infarctions (SBI) on MRI and (ii) frequency and location by vascular distribution (location of stroke by major vascular territories) in a population based sample. From Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, 347 participants (≥50 years) with infarcts detected on their first MRI were included. Infarct information was identified visually on a FLAIR MRI image and a vascular territory atlas was registered to the FLAIR image data in order to identify the arterial territory of infarction. We identified the subset with a clinical history of stroke based on medical chart review and used a logistic regression to evaluate the risk factors associated with greater probability of a symptomatic stroke vs. SBI. We found that 14% of all individuals with infarctions had a history of symptomatic stroke (Silent: n = 300, symptomatic: n = 47). Factors associated with a symptomatic vs. SBI were size which had an odds ratio of 3.07 (p &lt; 0.001), greater frequency of hypertension (odds ratio of 4.12, p = 0.025) and alcohol history (odds ratio of 4.58, p = 0.012). The frequency of infarcts was greater in right hemisphere compared to the left for SBI. This was primarily driven by middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts (right = 60%, left = 40%, p = 0.005). While left hemisphere strokes are more common for symptomatic carotid disease and in clinical trials, right hemispheric infarcts may be more frequent in the SBI group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document