Monoclonal Gammopathies in the Dog: A Retrospective Study of 18 Cases (1986–1999) and Literature Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme M. Giraudel ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pagès ◽  
Jean-François Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathies ◽  
Multiple Myelomas

Eighteen dogs with monoclonal gammopathies were evaluated retrospectively. Most of the cases were associated with lymphoproliferative tumors (i.e., nine multiple myelomas, one Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, one lymphoma, one chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one mucocutaneous plasmacytoma). The prevalence of nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathies (28%) was also significant (three leishmaniasis and two ehrlichiosis). Presenting complaints and clinical signs often were nonspecific or related to bleeding diathesis. Significant laboratory findings included proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia. Some unusual features were also observed: a multiple myeloma with immunoglobulin M secretion, another myeloma with two narrow spikes on the electrophoretic pattern, and a mucocutaneous plasmacytoma secreting an immunoglobulin G paraprotein.

scholarly journals Hepatitis aguda por virus E con características de autoinmunidad. Reporte de un caso

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Garrido ◽  
María Laura Reyes Toso ◽  
Sebastián Raffa ◽  
Valeria Inés Descalzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Smooth Muscle Antibody ◽  
Group Score

We analyze the case of a 49-year-old male patient who presented with clinical signs of acute hepatitis with an initial suspicion of autoimmune etiology. Laboratory findings demonstrated positive antinuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody and high serum gamma globulin. Histology of the liver biopsy revealed changes compatible with autoimmune hepatitis, which associated with an International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group score of 7, determined the initiation of treatment with Meprednisolone and Azathioprine. During the follow-up, we received positive serological results of immunoglobulin M against hepatitis E virus with detectable viremia by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique, changing the diagnosis to acute hepatitis secondary to hepatitis E virus. Immunosuppression was suspended and the patient continued with clinical and biochemical improvement. In Argentina, hepatitis E virus testing is not routinely performed, however, to avoid misdiagnosis, this etiology should be ruled out in patients with acute hepatitis before labeling it as autoimmune hepatitis. This could reduce unnecessary treatment that could endanger our patients.

scholarly journals Serm Immuno Fixation Electrophoresis as a Diagnostic Method for Monoclonal Gammopathies in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Araz Muhammad Yousif ◽  
Nashwan Sleman Ablhad ◽  
Parween Abdulsamad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathies ◽  
Immunofixation Electrophoresis ◽  
Multiple Myelomas

B cells clonal expansion (producing abnormal amounts of immunoglobulins) reflect conditions causes a group of disorders called monoclonal gammopathies. They may be appearing as a range of diseases that consist of multiple myelomas (MM). The aim of this research is to use quantify and identify monoclonal gammopathy by serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) beside the serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) assay as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of suspected multiple myeloma cases. Serum samples were collected from 94 patients with MM, and 30 persons as control, SPEP and SIFE were used for both groups. M band determined and evaluated of M protein by the Hellabio instruments. The results of this study showed significant elevation (p

Molecular Pathogenesis and a Consequent Classification of Multiple Myeloma

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (26) ◽  
pp. 6333-6338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Leif Bergsagel ◽  
W. Michael Kuehl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoid Cells

There appear to be two pathways involved in the pathogenesis of premalignant non-immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Nearly half of tumors are nonhyperdiploid, and mostly have one of five recurrent IgH translocations: 16% 11q13 (CCN D1), 3% 6p21 (CCN D3), 5% 16q23 (MAF), 2% 20q12 (MAFB), and 15% 4p16 (FGFR3 and MMSET). The remaining hyperdiploid tumors have multiple trisomies involving chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, and 21, and infrequently one of these five translocations. Although cyclin D1 is not expressed by healthy lymphoid cells, it is bi-allelically dysregulated in a majority of hyperdiploid tumors. Virtually all MM and MGUS tumors have dysregulated and/or increased expression of cyclin D1, D2, or D3, providing an apparent early, unifying event in pathogenesis. The patterns of translocations and cyclin D expression (TC) define a novel classification that includes eight groups: 11q; 6p; MAF; 4p; D1 (34%); D1+D2 (6%); D2 (17%); and none (2%). The hyperdiploid D1 group is virtually absent in extramedullary MM and MM cell lines, suggesting a particularly strong dependence on interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment. Despite shared progression events (RAS mutations, MYC dysregulation, p53 mutations, and additional disruption of the retinoblastoma pathway), the phenotypes of MGUS and MM tumors in the eight TC groups is determined mainly by early oncogenic events. Similar to acute lymphocytic leukemia, MM seems to include several diseases (groups) that have differences in early or initiating events, global gene expression patterns, bone marrow dependence, clinical features, prognosis, and response to therapy.

scholarly journals Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Rodrigues ◽  
Rodolfo O. Leal ◽  
Maud Girod ◽  
Claire Dally ◽  
Emmanuel Guery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Laboratory Findings

Background: Copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) is a well-documented chronic hepatic disease in dogs. In some breeds, the disease results from an inherited defect in copper metabolism. In others, it is unclear whether its acummulation is a primary or secondary condition. Reports of copper accumulation in dog breeds that are not genetically predisposed are increasing.Aim: To describe the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings, liver biopsy techniques, and treatment response in dogs with CAH.Methods: A retrospective study was performed, drawing upon medical records from CAH dogs at a Veterinary Referral Hospital in Paris, France. The diagnosis of CAH had been confirmed in these patients by positive rhodanine staining of hepatic tissue obtained through biopsy. Medical records were mined for the following data: age at presentation, sex, breed, chief presenting complaints, abdominal ultrasound (US) findings, and rhodanine staining pattern.Results: A total of 17 dogs were included in the study. Median age at presentation was 8-year old (4–11). No sex predisposition was found. Terriers (4/17) and German Shepherd Dogs (GSD, 3/17) were overrepresented. American Staffordshire Terriers and Beauceron had not previously appeared in case reports on CAH; two of each breed were identified in this study. Clinical signs of affected dogs were non-specific. An incidental identification of increased liverenzymes was observed in 5/17 dogs. A heterogeneous, mottled liver was frequently described (5/17) on abdominal US. Liver biopsies were performed by US-guided percutaneous approach in 10/17 dogs, laparoscopy and laparotomy in 6/17 and 1/17, respectively. The rhodanine staining pattern was centrilobular (zone 3) in 8/17 dogs and periportal (zone 1) in 3/17 dogs. The pattern was considered multifocal in 6/17 dogs.Conclusion: Increased liver enzymes may be the only clinical finding in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis, reflecting the silent progression of this disease. Centrilobular pattern of rhodanine staining was observed in the majority of cases suggesting the primary condition of the disease. Results of this study are consistent with the current literature, which reports that terriers and GSD are predisposed to CAH. This is the first  description of CAH in Beauceron and American Staffordshire Terrier dogs. Keywords: American Staffordshire Terrier, Beauceron, Copper-associated hepatitis, Liver biopsy, Rhodanine.

scholarly journals Prediction of survival using absolute lymphocyte count for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma: a retrospective study

2008 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmi Ege ◽  
Morie A. Gertz ◽  
Svetomir N. Markovic ◽  
Martha Q. Lacy ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Prediction Of Survival

scholarly journals Low Maternal Immunoglobulin G Avidity and Single Parity as Adverse Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus Vertical Transmission in Pregnant Women with Immunoglobulin M Positivity

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Masatoki Kaneko ◽  
Junsuke Muraoka ◽  
Kazumi Kusumoto ◽  
Toshio Minematsu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Previous Pregnancy

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of neurological sequelae in infants. Understanding the risk factors of primary CMV infection is crucial in establishing preventive strategies. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors of vertical transmission among pregnant women with immunoglobulin (Ig) M positivity. The study included 456 pregnant women with IgM positivity. Information on age, parity, occupation, clinical signs, IgM levels, and IgG avidity index (AI) was collected. The women were divided into infected and non-infected groups. The two groups showed significant differences in IgM level, IgG AI, number of women with low IgG AI, clinical signs, and number of pregnant women with single parity. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnant women with single parity and low IgG AI were independent predictors. Among 40 women who tested negative for IgG antibody in their previous pregnancy, 20 showed low IgG AI in their current pregnancy. Among the 20 women, 4 had vertical transmission. These results provide better understanding of the risk factors of vertical transmission in pregnant women with IgM positivity.

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