scholarly journals Does a Demographic Crisis Threaten European and Polish Agriculture?

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Michał Dudek ◽  
Tomasz Wojewodzic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Institutional Contexts

In recent decades, problems in family farming have been coupled with a demographic crisis. In the face of unfavourable demographic forecasts and processes, the EU’s agricultural policy has consistently underlined the strategic importance of family farming and the need for its development as a vital segment of the economy and the core of rural communities. The paper aims to assess the grounds for policies focusing on alleviation of the demographic crisis in EU agriculture as well as giving a preliminary presentation of the effects of implementing the instrument involving subsidies for young farmers’ farms, on the example of Poland. The analyses suggest that the mechanisms for accelerating generational changes in EU agriculture have been based on questionable premises and have been not adjusted to the needs at national and regional level. In the EU policy documents and public debate, the support for generational turnover is based on arguments diagnosing a particularly adverse demographic situation in the agricultural sector. The article shows that this position is too general and unnuanced, because it does not include the general long-term population changes, other economic sectors and the different socio-economic and institutional contexts in member states, as well as being limited to a narrow range and often non-comparable public statistics. At present it is also hard to find justification for claims that instruments like subsidies for young farmers have resolved the problem of farms without successors and contributed to generational renewal in agriculture. Varied sources of data and information have been used, including EU and Polish legislation, thematic and expert studies related to demographic issues in agriculture, and empirical material gathered by public institutions.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN POLAND COMPARED TO BIOEAST COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Piotr Jurga
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Face ◽  
Production Value

In the face of many global challenges, including ongoing climate change, policymakers are seeking viable solutions. The bioeconomy and its development are one of them. Partnerships, such as BIOEAST, are established to support the development of the bioeconomy in CEE countries. The conversion of biological biomass into new bio-products with high added value can contribute to a reduced environmental impact. One of the three economic sectors producing biomass for manufacturing is agriculture. Within the framework of this study, using the PRODCOM statistical list, which provides statistics on the production value of manufactured products, an assessment of manufacturing involving biomass processing utilizing biomass from the agricultural sector in countries of the BIOEAST initiative was performed. In BIOEAST Initiative countries, biomass from agriculture is predominantly used by the food production sector, followed by economic sectors, such as beverages, textiles, leather and wearing apparel. In several BIOEAST initiative countries, the percentage of the production value utilizing biomass from the agricultural sector is remarkable. Poland is one of those countries for which the value of manufacturing production utilizing agricultural biomass represents almost 30% of the total manufacturing value. The results obtained from the analysis, along with detailed information on specific product groups, can provide valuable information for decision makers planning the development of the bioeconomy in reviewed BIOEAST countries, including Poland.

Regeneration in Rural Catalonia

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Second Homes ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generational Relationships

AbstractThe efforts of rural communities around the world to survive in the face of economic and demographic decline dramatise the bio-cultural processes on which human regeneration routinely depends. This paper explores the very conspicuous symbolic aspects of regeneration in a village in Catalonia, Spain, and traces the long term physical and material processes that underlie them. Scrutiny of two different festivals reveals a passionate concern to renegotiate deeply fractured generational relationships. Having exported its fertility to the towns and cities, the community is now working to incorporate newcomers and devise new livelihoods. Public rituals have done much to sustain these efforts at regeneration, but how they may resist the “sterile growth” of Mieres as a village of mostly empty second homes is a provocative new issue.

scholarly journals CREDIT ACCESSING AND FAMILY FARMING: AN EVIDENCE FROM BURKINA FASO

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-49
Author(s):  
Mahamadi Nanéma ◽  
Dr. Théophile Bindeouè Nassè ◽  
Pr. Alidou Ouédraogo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Financing Mechanism

This research focuses on the issue of financing family farms in Burkina Faso. To this end, a survey of 275 family farms was carried out in 2020. The research results revealed that the needs of family farms are not completely satisfied. The credits granted mainly concern small amounts. Productive investments which constitute medium and long-term investments capable of inducing significant improvements in agricultural production are almost unsatisfactory. Moreover, analyzes have shown that income determines access to credit. This factor reflects at a certain level the capacity of family farmers to provide the financial guarantees required by microfinance institutions. The current conditions of banks do not favor the development of the agricultural sector and the improvement of the living conditions of the populations in rural areas. It is, therefore, necessary to rethink the financing of agricultural activities and to define a long-lasting and sustainable financing mechanism. Keywords: Credit Accessing, Family Farming, Financing, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Peculiarities and Prospects of Bank Lending to the Agriculture at the Current Phase of Economic Development in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Т. BONDARUK ◽  
М. LUKASHUK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Government

It is demonstrated that the domestic agricultural sector continues to be underfunded in spite of special lending programs for agricultural producers implemented by banks and stimuli provided by international financial organizations to agricultural producers to make them introduce energy saving measures. The research objective is to review the current situation with bank lending of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and determine its main problems and prospects. The following research methods were used: induction, deduction, system approach, statistical analysis, logical generalization, graphical method.    It is shown that the bank lending in Ukraine is operating now under the pressures of the financial globalization processes and in the post-crisis condition of the bank sector, high risks and information asymmetry characterized by lack of complete and reliable information about the factors underlying business operation in various economic sectors, required for the assessment of the borrowers’ creditworthiness, and by inefficient financial and credit instruments.     A review of global practices shows that in most part of foreign countries governments support lending to agricultural producers through budget preferences or limitations imposed on the banks that can lend agricultural producers, with laying down a requirement that the loans provided to the agricultural sector must be the cheapest ones. Lending of agricultural producers in European countries is most often carried out by cooperative banks, with mortgage of lands being the main form of long-term lending. Considering the European practice, creating a specialized agrarian bank or applying economic stimuli to banks engaged in lending of the agricultural sector may be a solution of lending problems in Ukraine. The study of specific features of bank lending to the agricultural sector at the current phase of economic development in Ukraine confirms the need for further with scientific justifications of the government support to lending processes in the agricultural sector.      

scholarly journals Impacts of Bank Financing on the Development of Family Farming in Cote d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper Yao KOUADIO ◽  
ETIEN Dibiéthéodore ◽  
TIEBRE Marie-Solange ◽  
BORAUD N' Takpé Kama
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Since gaining independence, Côte d'Ivoire has based its economic development on the primary sector. Thus, currencies derived from the marketing of cocoa, coffee (both traditional crops) then palm oil and coconut; cotton fibers, ... and more recently raw or pre-treated rubber latex, cashew nuts, to name just a few, alongside logs from logging, and finally fish products such as tuna and many other fishery products, Côte d'Ivoire has been able to build schools, universities, hospitals, build industries, build roads, ports, ... in short develop other economic sectors and ensure the good social being of Ivorians. At the same time, agriculture produced the "economic miracle" of our country. But since the fall in prices of agricultural raw materials, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the national GDP has decreased (it is now 25% (APA NEWS, 2018)), and this, along with the various economic, social and economic crises. policies that the country has been experiencing since 1990.

scholarly journals De demes van Attica en Peloponnesische oorlog

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Amber Brüsewitz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

How did rural communities cope with the devastations of war in the pre-modern world?While the political context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) has received considerableattention, this project seeks to examine the resilience of the rural communities ofAttica in the face of the social and economic impact of the war. Epigraphical evidenceand archaeological remains indicate that the traditional view that the countryside of Atticawas depleted as a direct consequence of the war, needs to be questioned. Applying amultidisciplinary approach, this research project will investigate the long-term resilienceof the countryside communities (demes). Analyzing the historical sources and archaeologicalremains of the period 450-350 BCE, this project aims at tracing the resilience ofthe Attic demes outside of Athens by examining how they found ways to sustain and resettheir community lives.

ASSESMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Д. Ибыжанова ◽  
И.В. Богдашкина ◽  
А.Қ. Джакупова ◽  
А. Ibyzhanova ◽  
I. Bogdashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 пандемиясы ауылшаруашылық және орман шаруашылығы нарықтары үшін қысқа мерзімді соққы болды, бірақ ұзақ мерзімді әсерлері әлі анық емес. Ұзақ мерзімді тенденциялар туралы сенімді ақпараттың болмауына байланысты, қазіргі кезде белгісіздік жағдайында болашақ азық-түлік қауіпсіздігі мен саланың кірістеріне қатты әсер ететін аграрлық саясат шеңберінде шешімдер қабылдануда. Қазақстан үкіметі ауылшаруашылығында және агро азық-түлік нарығында бірқатар шаралар қабылдады. Алайда, ауылшаруашылық экономикасы үшін пандемияға байланысты тәуекелдер сақталуда және оларды азайту үшін қысқа мерзімді, орта мерзімді және ұзақ мерзімді шаралар қажет. Біз 1991 жылдан бергі кезеңде ауыл шаруашылығының жалпы өнімінің (көрсетілетін қызметтерінің) нақты көлем индексінің серпінін талдау аясында COVID-19 пандемиясының Қазақстанның ауыл шаруашылығы саласына әсерін болжауға әрекет жасадық. Қазақстан экономикасының маңызды секторларының бірі бола отырып, ауыл шаруашылығы қазақстандықтарды қажетті азық-түлікпен және өмір сүру қаражатымен қамтамасыз етеді. Сондықтан біздің зерттеуіміз COVID-19 қарсылығын жалғастырудың алғышарты болып табылады және директивалық органдарға тиімді ауылшаруашылық саясатын жасауға көмектеседі. Зерттеу максималды ықтималдылық әдісін қолданды. Біздің есептеулеріміз бойынша Қазақстанда алдағы 3 жылда ауыл шаруашылығы өнімдерін өндіру индексінің өсу үрдісі 105,7 -106,2% деңгейінде сақталуы тиіс. Экспорттың аздап қысқаруы және агроөнеркәсіптік сектор өнімдері импортының өсуі болжанып отыр. Кілт сөздер:пандемия, азық-түлік қауіпсіздігі, аграрлық экономика, болжау, ауылшаруашылық, тауар өндірушілер, мемлекеттік қолдау,ұзақ мерзімді тенденциялар,аграрлық сектор,ауылшаруашылық саясаты. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious short-term (immediate) shock to markets of agricultural and forestry industries, but the long-term implications are not yet clear. Due to the lack of reliable information on long-term trends, decisions in agricultural policy are now being formulated that will have a strong impact on the future food safety and profitability of the industry in the face of uncertainty. The government of Kazakhstan has taken a number of measures in the field of agriculture and the agri-food market. However, the risks to the agricultural economy in relation with the pandemic remain, and to reduce these risks, short-term, medium-term and long-term measures are necessary. We have made an attempt to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, in the light of the analysis of the dynamics of the index of the physical volume of gross agricultural output (services) for the period since 1991. Being one of the most important sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan,agriculture provides Kazakhstanis with the necessary products and means of subsistence. Therefore, our study is a prerequisite for continuing resistance to COVID-19 and can help policy makers develop effective agricultural policies. The study used the maximum likelihood method. According to our calculations, the growth trend of the agricultural production index in Kazakhstan should continue in the next 3 years at the level of 105.7 -106.2%. A slight decline in exports and an increase in imports of agricultural products are projected.

Resilience through Synergy? The Legal Complex in Sri Lanka’s Constitutional Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Dinesha Samararatne
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
The Face

Abstract What types of institutional dynamics and conditions allow constitutional resilience in the face of attempts at undermining gains in a constitutional democracy? Using Sri Lanka as a case-study, I claim that the legal complex acting in synergy with independent public institutions (the Speaker of the Parliament) and civil society can produce constitutional resilience. Synergy between the legal complex and these institutions can transform constitutional vulnerability into constitutional resilience. I argue therefore that the legal complex theory must be extended to consider the ways in which it can work in synergy with other public institutions in being resilient against attempts at rolling back gains for constitutional democracy. I argue further that synergy between the legal complex and formal and informal institutions over the short term can only result in “simple” constitutional resilience. The development of “reflexive” constitutional resilience requires long-term synergy between the legal complex and other public institutions.

scholarly journals Rural Resilience Through COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 419-420
Author(s):  
Shannon Freeman ◽  
Raven Weaver ◽  
Shannon Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been felt globally affecting everyone, but have disproportionately harmed some of the most vulnerable and marginalized including individuals residing in rural and remote areas. The geographic isolation initially thought to protect rural and remote communities from the pandemic soon became a disadvantage, requiring individuals to navigate long-standing systemic barriers (e.g., lack of transportation issues, limited access to healthcare resources, and fragmented accessibility to vaccines), alongside the new challenges posed by COVID-19 restrictions to mitigate the spread of disease. The purpose of this symposium is to showcase examples of rural resiliency in the face of significant struggle. Taking a strength-based approach, the papers discuss efforts to identify healthy coping and positive aspects of physical distancing (Paper 1; Weaver), explore social support and psychological mindset (Paper 2; Fuller), inform successful strategies to pivot programming to remote coalition engagement for obesity prevention (Paper 3; Buys), implement a peer mentoring program to spur development of new strategies to build community resilience (Paper 4; Oh), and review elements of rurality that empower or exclude older people and the implications for a post-COVID world (Paper 5; Curreri). As we continue to uncover and learn about the short and long-term implications of living through the pandemic, these papers describe ways in which rural communities demonstrate resilience in the face of adversity. Our presenters will showcase a range of US and international perspectives and offer policy and program recommendations for building resilience in the longer term.

Challenges, Concerns, and Perspectives for Poland's Energy Transition during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lorkowski ◽  
Robert Jeszke
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu ◽  
At Home

The whole world is currently struggling with one of the most disastrous pandemics to hit in modern times – Covid-19. Individual national governments, the WHO and worldwide media organisations are appealing for humanity to universally stay at home, to limit contact and to stay safe in the ongoing fight against this unseen threat. Economists are concerned about the devastating effect this will have on the markets and possible outcomes. One of the countries suffering from potential destruction of this situation is Poland. In this article we will explain how difficult internal energy transformation is, considering the long-term crisis associated with the extraction and usage of coal, the European Green Deal and current discussion on increasing the EU 2030 climate ambitions. In the face of an ongoing pandemic, the situation becomes even more challenging with each passing day.

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